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Vaccinations
A vaccine is the preparation of dead microorganisms, living weakened microorganisms or inactivated toxins. Its administration induces the development of immunity and protection against a pathogen or toxin and is called a vaccination.
1,376 Questions
How does the immune system work?
With an immune response.
When particles of a virus or other organism enter our body and are identified by the immune system as foreign "invaders", our bodies use the invaders, which are also called antigens/antibody generators, as a template to create matching antibodies.
Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are sort of like a lock and key system that, when matched perfectly with the antigens, can "lock" or neutralize (inactivate) the antigens so they can no longer enter or damage our cells. To neutralize each different strain of organism, the antibodies must have the right pattern to match the characteristics of each antigen. A match will allow the antibodies and immune response to make a "lock" to fit those viruses so they can not function. Our body remembers each new virus pattern that has caused an immune response in the past (either from getting an infection or from vaccinations), so that it can make those matching cells to protect us from that same specific organism (or those that are very similar) in case it ever enters the body again in the future.
Our body has the ability to determine when an antigen has invaded and, if it has a match to that stored from a prior invasion, the immune response is generated and the immune system quickly makes up a lot of those attack cells (antibodies), that the body made and that worked in the past to destroy/neutralize the invading infectious agent. If it is a new type of invader, usually our body can make cells that can match just right in a week to ten days for viruses and some other organisms. It can sometimes do this even more quickly for bacteria and other types of microbes.
It is during this time period, when our body is matching and making the attack cells to "kill" the invader, that we feel sick until our body finds the key pattern of cells that will match and lock that specific type of invader.
If exposed previously, either in the wild or by vaccination, our immune system wastes no time in locking up the invading organism, because it knows already what antibodies will fit as the "key" from the stored memory of the patterns that worked before. That is why, once we have had an infectious disease in many cases, we won't get sick from it again. Our body will already know what cells to make and will send them out to destroy the invader even before it can make us feel sick.
protects your body from diseasces and other illnesses by germs and bacteria
Which vaccine can not be administered with another vaccine?
Almost any vaccine can be administered together. It is actually favorable to do this because once some vaccines (live attenuated) are given you must wait 28 days before receiving other vaccines. The only 2 that should not be given together are cholera and yellow fever which are not common in the United States and Europe
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When do you develop antibody after hepatitis B immunization?
Artificial active immunity. Artificial because it is due to vaccination. Active because the body is stimulated by the vaccine to produce antibodies against Hepatitis B virus antigen.
1. Assisting surgeons during surgery
2. diagnosis of different diseases
3. Help the government to prepare the budget
4. Helps to store patient information
How is polio vaccine produced?
The first effective polio vaccine was developed in 1952 by Jonas Salk at the University of Pittsburgh. The Salk vaccine, or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), is based on three wild, virulent reference strains, grown in a type of monkey kidney tissue culture which are then inactivated. An enhanced-potency IPV was licensed in the United States in November 1987, and is currently the vaccine of choice in the United States. In 2002 a combination vaccine (called Pediarix) containing IPV was approved for use in the United States. The vaccine also contains combined diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccines (DTaP) and a pediatric dose of hepatitis B vaccine.
Why are vaccinations injected into the muscle as opposed to the vein?
Vaccinations are injected into the muscle to slow down its distribution to the body's tissues. If it were administered directly in a vein, it would reach every part of the body much too quickly and thus has the potential to incite an overly strong immune response. By placing it in the muscle, only small amounts of the vaccine are transferred into the blood stream at a time, dampening the immune response. The purpose of a vaccine is to develop antibodies against a particular antigen (usually viruses) so that your body can fight it off if exposed to it in the future. You don't actually need a full blown immune response to do this, just development of the correct immune cells. So by injecting into the muscle instead of a vein, you are saving yourself from pain, inflammation, or even shock.
Is the influenza vaccine the same as the flu injection?
More or less. The flu and influenza mean the same thing. Flu is just a shortened version of the word. The flu vaccine is sometimes given by injection into a muscle. The flu injection, flu shot, flu vaccination, influenza injection, influenza shot and influenza vaccination are all talking about the same thing.
The only differentiating part is that when you say influenza vaccine, you may be referring to the vaccine that is given in the form of an intra-nasal mist or spray and not in the form of a shot. Both forms are available for flu vaccines.
The vaccine is the medicine in the flu shot (flu vaccination, or flu injection).
Flu = Influenza
Vaccine = Medicine in a vaccination
Vaccination = Introduction of infectious agent (vaccine) for immunity = Giving a dose of a vaccine (can be oral, injected, or nasal administration) for the purpose of immunization/prevention of infection
Immunization = Vaccination = Infection preventative
Immunity = Immunized = Not susceptible to
Shot = Injection
Vaccination methods = shots, mists, tines, scrapings, oral vaccines
Would you rather have injections at school or at the doctor?
At the doctors. Answer 2 Definatley at the doctors, it is much more private
How did vaccines contribute to mankind?
vaccination is a process which implies immunity to a person against the disease causing organism so that a person can able to fight against that organism now it helps in eradication of many dreadfull disease like polio and smallpox etc, so it is definitely hellpfull to mankind
Was the Smallpox vaccine every mandatory?
yes it was back in the 70s especially if you wanted to travel to other countries.
Where should intramuscular shots be placed on a cow?
Only when it's called for or absolutely necessary. Most meds and/or vaccines recommend SubQ shots over IM because of the slower release rate that allows the medicines to take effect. There are certain meds that say you can give IM, but they also have dosage rates for SubQ, and more than likely SubQ is higher recommended than IM. Check with your vet on that though.
Why is swine flu vaccine administered through the nose?
There are now three different administration routes for flu vaccines: the "classic" shot/jab that goes into muscle tissue; the nasal mist that is sprayed into the nose; and a new intradermal vaccine (new in the 2012-2013 flu season), that is injected within the layers of the skin using a needle that is 90% smaller than the needle used in an IM (intramuscular) injection.
The spray is made to be absorbed by mucous tissue and, typically, the most accessible location of mucous tissue is the lining of the nose. See the related questions below for more information about the different flu vaccines and routes of vaccine administration.
Can a flu shot create a lipoma?
No, but you may feel a small lump in the area of the shot for a while after getting the shot due to the local inflammatory response that can result from vaccinations. This is a common and normal reaction and usually will be gone in 3 to 5 days. If it lasts longer, or becomes painful, swollen more, or gets red again after the initial slight red reaction to the vaccination, you should report this to your health care professional to ask if there is a need for an exam to be sure there was no local damage to the muscle or infection from the injection.
You might also try some warm wet compresses to increase the circulation in the area to help soothe and reduce inflammation. You can do this with a moist and very warm (but not hot to burn) hand towel or wash cloth left in place where the sore spot is for 15 - 20 minutes, reheating it as it cools off. Do this several times a day and it may help reduce the lump. Using the arm normallyalso helps these sore places from vaccinations go away faster.
Who pioneered polio vaccinations?
American physicians Jonas Salk (1914-1995) and Albert B. Sabin (1906-1993 ). Salk developed the first effective injectable vaccine, and Sabin developed the first orally-administered vaccine to be widely used. Both types are still in use throughout the world.
Does it mean you had H1N1 if you were prescribed Tamiflu?
Tamiflu can be prescribed for any viral infection, not just the flu and not just H1N1/09 swine flu. So without lab testing there is no way to know for sure what type of flu you might have had.
It won't hurt to get a flu shot even if you had that type of flu.
The H1N1/09 vaccine is included in the seasonal flu vaccines for the 2011-2012 flu season. You should get the seasonal flu vaccination to be protected from the three most prominent types of flu that are expected to be in the Northern Hemisphere during this flu season.
How many injections are given to administer the vaccines?
It depends on which vaccine you are receiving.
What is nervous tissue vaccine?
The nerve tissue vaccines are no longer available due to poor efficacy and life threatening
adverse effect of neuroparalytic reactions. The currently available vaccines are the modern tissue
culture vaccines (MTCV) and include Purified Chick Embryo Cell (PCEC) vaccine, Human
Diploid Cell Vaccine (HDCV), Purified Vero Cell Vaccine (PVRV), Purified Duck Embryo
Vaccine (PDEV). The vaccines are available in lyophilized form with sterile water as diluent, are
stable for 3 years at 2 to 8°C and should be used within 6 hours of reconstitution. All tissue
culture vaccines have almost equal efficacy and any one of these can be used. These vaccines
induce protective antibodies in more than 99% of vaccinees following pre/ post exposure
prophylaxis. The main adverse effects are local pain, swelling and redness and less commonly
fever, headache, dizziness and gastrointestinal side effects. Systemic hypersensitivity reactions in
vaccinees have been reported with HDCV particularly following booster injections but not with
PCEC/ PVRV. Intradermal vaccination may cause more local irritation as compared to the
intramuscular route. Along with proper wound care and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) post
exposure prophylaxis is effective in preventing 100% of rabies cases. Failures occur due to delay
in initiation or non use of RIG when indicated.
What has to be true for the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen?
It is necessary that the surface antigens of the pathogen remain unchanged
Farmed fish can be protected from disease risks by vaccination. Vaccines have been a major factor
in decreasing the use of antibiotics in aquaculture while keeping fish healthy. The vaccines differ from farm to farm.
Is there a new flu vaccine that protects against 4 strains of flu?
Yes, in April 2012 the FDA approved a new vaccine for the 2012-2013 flu season that is quadrivalent, meaning it contains vaccine for four strains of flu instead of the historically typical inclusion of three strains (trivalent). The new vaccine is called FluMist Quadrivalent. It is in the form of nasal mist and is made by AstraZeneca's MedImmune unit, as is the FluMist Trivalent nasal spray vaccine.
The quadrivalent vaccine protects against an additional strain of Type B influenza, there had typically been two Type A vaccines and one Type B vaccine in the flu vaccinations, but the 2012-2013 quadrivalent protects against two strains of influenza A and two strains of influenza B. Like the trivalent nasal mist, it is approved for healthy people ages 2 to 49. Also like the trivalent mist, it uses attenuated viruses. These are "live", but weakened to make them unable to cause the flu. They are not totally "dead" or inactive, and therefore can provide better immunity in some people who can use live vaccines.
According to the FDA, having an extra strain of influenza B increases the likelihood that the vaccine will protect more children against illness: "Illness caused by Influenza B virus affects children, particularly young and school-aged, more than any other population," said Dr. Karen Midthun, director of the FDA's biologics center.
The side effects are the same as the trivalent FluMist, and include runny or stuffy nose, headaches, and sore throats.
The specific strains in the 2012-2013 quadrivalent vaccine are:
FluMist Quadrivalent contains four vaccine virus strains:
- one Type A/H1N1 strain ("swine flu"),
- one Type A/H3N2 strain, and,
- two Type B strains: one from each of the B/Yamagata/16/88 and the B/Victoria/2/87 lineages.
FluMist Quadrivalent is manufactured according to the same process as FluMist.
Trivalent vaccines continue to be available, as in the past, for injected IM, nasal spray, and intradermal administration routes, as well.
Vaccinating your child helps create herd immunity, which protects those who cannot be vaccinated due to medical reasons, such as infants or individuals with compromised immune systems. By ensuring your child is vaccinated, you contribute to a healthier community, reducing the risk of outbreaks and the spread of preventable diseases. This collective protection benefits everyone, including adults who may be more vulnerable to severe illness. Ultimately, vaccination is a shared responsibility that safeguards public health.
It's a vaccine for a bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae type B. Thanks to the effective of the vaccines, most doctor these days have no idea what it was like before when it caused childhood menigintis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, ect.
This is actually true with quite a few diseases like polio, smallpox, even chicken pox. It's so rare to see these because the vaccines were so effective that the parents are more concern about the side effects of the vaccines than the disease themselves. No one remembers what it was like before the vaccines!
Is LAIV vaccine an inactivated vaccine?
yes it is a game have you every played grand theft auto iv that s set in L.A and called grand theft auto but miss the grand theft auto out it brings you iv
