Vatican City

Vatican City is a city-state, a country consisting of only one city. So the capital is also Vatican City.

Versailles is much larger than the Vatican.

yes, there is, together with Masses in different languages.

The Vatican is small, much less than a square mile. It has about 800 residents and the density is 1877/km2 or 4,859/sq mile.

Just over 3 years. It began on the 11th of October 1962 and finished on the 8th of December 1965.

The Catholic Church has been a monarchy ever since Our Lord appointed Peter as the head of his new Church. For hundreds of years the Pope was the absolute monarch of the Papal States that were ruled from Rome. The Pope lost the Papal States during the reunification of Italy. The Vatican at that time was simply a neighborhood in Rome where the Church was headquartered. In 1929 the Lateran Treaty was signed between the papacy and the Italian government. At that time the Vatican was recognized as an independent country - a city state. So, Vatican City has been ruled as a monarchy since 1929.

The only national team to be found in the Vatican is the national soccer team, composed primarily of members of the Swiss Guard. However, they rarely play but, when they do, it is big news. They are called the Selezione di calcio della Città del Vaticano orLa Guardia Svizzera Pontificia.

No changes were made to the Eucharist itself by the Second Vatican Council. The doctrine of transubstantiation, or the changing of the essence of bread and wine into the essence of the Body and Blood of Christ is still the same. The only differences were to the liturgy. These included the language of the Mass changing from Latin to the vernacular of the community, the Ordinary of the Mass, the orientation of the altar, among other changes. It should be said that the Missal of 1962 (prior to Vatican II) was never repeal, but simply fell out of normal use in favor of the 1969 Missal and the two subsequent Missals.

The following is Pope Benedict XVI's letter to the bishops detailing this notion.

http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/letters/2007/documents/hf_ben-xvi_let_20070707_lettera-vescovi_en.html

Jesus is the same, yesterday, today, and tomorrow. (Heb 13:8) So, who is Jesus? He is true God and True Man, coeternal with the Father and the Holy Spirit. He is risen from the dead for the salvation of his people. He is really, sacramentally present in the Eucharist through the ministry of the Church he established. He will come again to raise the dead, to judge the world, and to usher in the Kingdom of God. How is this different than before the Second Vatican Council? Not at all. The Second Vatican Council (1961-1965) was not a doctrinal council, called to define or settle Christological doctrine (as most of the councils were in the first 600 years of the Church). Rather, the Second Vatican Council was a council called to consider the role of the Church in the so-called 'modern world'. Thus, the aim of Vatican 2 was pastoral and disciplinary rather than doctrinal. Subjectively, it might be said that Catholics have a different understanding of Jesus in light of this council. Indeed, Catholics should come away with a different view of Jesus every time the read Sacred Scripture and participate in Holy Mass. The percieved "difference" resulting from the council is not a change in the nature of Jesus or an advance in Divine Revelation... it is simply a matter of new points of observation and/or new points of reference on part of Christians. During the 20th century, a number of movements within Catholic theology might tend to make people think that <i>our</i> understanding of Jesus has changed-- and probably it has to some degree. Some of this advance is due to advances in science and textual criticism and the need to respond to these advances. Some of the advance is due to new thinking in new ways and new terms which have not been thought of before. Some of it is a response to new problems in the Church which have never been confronted before. These advances mark an advance in our understanding of Divine Revelation (but not a change in Divine Revelation itself). Interestingly, popular Catholic theology and liturgical practice of the 20th century seem to be but a faint shadow of the great Catholic theolgians of the same era: Newman, DeLubac, Balthasar, Rahner, Wojtyla. This is not an endorsement of 'conservative' versus 'liberal' or 'traditional' versus 'progressive', but rather, an observation that the theology which people talk about and priests preach about is probably going to look a lot different than what is remembered about this era of theology over time. It takes a long time for theologians to be integrated into the larger understanding of the faith... often because it is necessary to get them off the world stage as a political figure in their own right (this is the thought of George Weigel on the acceptance of John Paul II's 'theology of the body'... a movement he consideres nothing short of a 'theological time bomb' which stands posed to form the thinking of the Church for centuries)... and localized abberations and over/under-emphases in theological thought which are simply crushed under by the wisdom of the ages. Unfortunately, many of these 20th century theological movements have been conflated with the council, rather than being understood in their own as rightful developments of the theological sciences which would have occured with or without the council. Further, "The Spirit of Vatican II" (which is more and more tending to be considered a perjorative term representing an unenlightened 'anything goes' attitude) was regrettably considered by many a license to enter into unorthodox theological speculation which has deformed and discredited Catholic thought and scandalized all the faithful to some extent. Theological systems which undermine Scripture and Sacred Tradition, which call into question some aspect of the the true divinity and true humanity of Christ, which claim to be a 'new revelation" of Christ are no less true today than any other time in Chrisitian history.

Yes, but only in limited areas.

As for Brothers, the idea was more or less to expand the roles of the versatile Church Non-coms- and to get them to perform more useful roles in youth ministry- some examples include Sunday school instructors, atheltic instructors and coaches- and a related role- Camp counselors. I once had a church brother as both a Sunday School instructor and a camp counselor- Brother Joe!- the Vatican II aimed at expanding the role of the male sub-clergy if you will- as there were many assignments which would not require an ordained Priest- the mechanic can do things the engineer can"t and so on.- Vatican II had an indirect impact on the Sisters, as some habits ( religious costumes) were modernized, some almost to the style of a travel hostess or even a female subway conductor ( some sisters of charity= blue business suit-dress without veil) there was, as with the Bros.- a tendency to get them out of overly-confin ed cloistered roles and into the community at large. None of this had any impact , sadly on the very real problem of Priestly child abuse!

The Pope, residing in Rome, Italy, is the head of the Roman Catholic Church.

The crime rate in the Vatican is one of the highest, if not the highest, in the world but the majority of the crimes are purse snatching and pickpockets perpetrated by criminals who come from Rome to prey on the tourists.

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The high crime rate is due to there being only about 455 RESIDENTS of Vatican City- but about 18 million VISITORS. While the number of crimes is relatively low, when compared to the number of RESIDENTS, it becomes a high rate. The 397 crimes (1992) resulted in a crime rate of 0.87 per each resident- as said- about the highest rate in the world.

Not all Catholics consider Vatican II as a breath of springtime. Many feel that when the 'windows were opened' to allow in some fresh air, it also allowed in a lot of pollution which has tarnished the Church through abuses. It has also let out many cherished Catholic traditions.

When looking for housing, CMI Management is fairly reliable. However, there are limited properties available and it's best to have a backup plan rather than relying on CMI.

The Pieta by Michelangelo has been in Saint Peter's Basilica since the early 18th century except for a two year period in the 1960s when it was displayed at the New York World's Fair at the Vatican Pavilion in 1964 and 1965.

yes

No. He was caucasion.

16 documents were produced.

The Second Vatican Council (otherwise known as Vatican II) was a pastoral council, convened in order to update and review the disciplines, policies and attitude of the Catholic Church vis-a-via the modern world. Many documents were drafted and voted on in this Council that had a very progressive flavor that ultimately caused a rift among the Council fathers as Conservatives fought to organize and resist the changes. What came out of this was a series of vague documents that both sides could effectively interpret. After Vatican II, the liberal forces having triumphed, the progressive view was adopted which led to the liturgical reforms that brought forth the modern Novus Ordo Missa or New Mass as well as the attitudes towards liturgy in general in its conduct, literature, prayers, architecture and ecumenism. The Council made no dogmatic definitions nor did it declare itself a full ecumenical council versus just a pastoral one. Traditionalists that continue to resist the effects of Vatican II point to this as their justification for rejecting outright or resisting the modern changes. An excellent and remarkably objective book on the Council is "The Rhine Flows into the Tiber" by Ralph M. Wiltgen, who was a journalist covering it at the time.

Black or white. Black indicates no poe was elected with the current ballot and white indicates a new pope has been chosen.

Black

The phone number of the Patrons-The Arts-The Vatican is: 440-498-1300.