Extracellular Yersinia spp. disarm the immune system by injecting the effector Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) into the target cell. Yop secretion is triggered by contact with eukaryotic cells or by Ca2+ chelation. Two proteins, YopN and LcrG, are known to be involved in Yop-secretion control. Here we describe TyeA, a third protein involved in the control of Yop release. Like YopN, TyeA is localized at the bacterial surface. A tyeA knock-out mutant secreted Yops in the presence of Ca2+ and in the absence of eukaryotic cells. Unlike a yopN null mutant, the tyeA mutant was defective for translocation of YopE and YopH, but not YopM, YopO and YopP, into eukaryotic cells. This is the first observation suggesting that Yop effectors can be divided into two sets for delivery into eukaryotic cells. TyeA was found to interact with the translocator YopD and with residues 242-293 of YopN. In contrast with a yopN null mutant, a yopNDelta248-272 mutant was also unable to translocate YopE and YopH. Our results suggest that TyeA forms part of the translocation-control apparatus together with YopD and YopN, and that the interaction of these proteins is required for selective translocation of Yops inside eukaryotic cells.
he was a mean person who lived with mean people in a mean castle on a mean hill in a mean country in a mean continent in a mean world in a mean solar system in a mean galaxy in a mean universe in a mean dimension
you mean what you mean
Mean is the average.
Mean
It mean what you don't what does it mean.
The arithmetic mean is a weighted mean where each observation is given the same weight.
rat mean intense. ox mean calm , born tiger mean powerful rabbit mean good friend dragon mean strong snake mean prudent horse mean popular goat mean shy monkey mean inventor rooster mean organized dog mean intelligent pig mean honest that are what the 12 chinese zodiac animals mean
The correct usage is "what DOES it mean"
The haudensaunee mean irguios
Do you mean ''What does the AUM Mantra mean?''
What does GRI mean? What does GRI mean?
MEAN ignoble - being mean signify - mean