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Larger molecules become smaller molecules by chemical reactions referred to as decomposition reactions. These can be as simple as oxidation, or as complex as catalyzed reduction of hydrocarbons (oil).

The chemical reactions can be triggered by other reactive chemicals, by catalysts, or by the addition of energy (heat, electric current). They can be spontaneous or be deliberate, and they can sometimes be self-sustaining, as in a cascade reaction.

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What breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules?

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