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We refer to a conditioning stimulus and conditioned response. The conditioning stimulus is feedback that creates, enhances or intensifies a reaction, which is the conditioned response. In a famous series of experiments by Dr. Ivan Pavlov in the late 19th Century, dogs drooled when he gave them food and rang a bell rung at the same time. After awhile the dogs drooled at just the sound of the bell. The sound of the bell was the conditioning stimulus, and the physiological reaction of salivation in the dogs was the conditioned response.
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Neutral stimulus is the same as what?
Neutral stimulus is the same as a conditioned stimulus before it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning. It is a stimulus that does not elicit a response initially, but can become a conditioned stimulus through association with an unconditioned stimulus.
Can responses to stimuli be learned?
Yes, responses to stimuli can be learned through a process called conditioning. For example, in classical conditioning, an organism can learn to associate a neutral stimulus with a biologically significant stimulus, leading to a learned response. In operant conditioning, behavior is shaped through reinforcement or punishment in response to stimuli.
Compare and contrast operant and classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning is best known by Pavlov's dogs. This type of conditioning takes a neutral stimulus and makes a person or animal respond to it. Operant conditioning uses punishment to get a behavior to stop.
What is sensory conditioning?
Sensory conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate sensory cues with particular outcomes or events. Through repeated pairings of a stimulus with a specific response, the organism learns to anticipate the outcome when the stimulus is present. This type of conditioning underlies many forms of learning and behavior in both humans and animals.
Simple association between stimulus and response is called an?
A simple association between a stimulus and a response is called classical conditioning. This process involves learning to associate a neutral stimulus with a biologically potent one, which results in the neutral stimulus producing the same response.
What is backward conditioning?
Backward conditioning is a type of classical conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus is presented after the unconditioned stimulus. This is less effective than forward conditioning because the CS lacks predictive value if it follows the US.
Was Nita Hagen Erich Fromm's sister-in-law?
The bell before the conditioning is the Neutral Stimulus (NS). During the conditioning the bell is still the Neutral Stimulus (NS), and after conditioning, the bell then becomes the Conditioned Stimulus (CS).
Conditioning that has a natural and automatic stimulus response situation is known as what?
Classical Conditioning?
What is contextual conditioning?
Contextual conditioning is a form of of classical conditioning that involves the association of a stimulus with a particular context or environment to produce a specific response. This means that the behavior is influenced not only by the stimulus itself, but also by the surrounding context in which the stimulus is presented.
Learning that makes a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original natural stimulus that naturally produces the reflex?
This type of learning is known as classical conditioning. In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, which elicits an unconditioned response. Over time, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits a conditioned response. Famous experiments carried out by Ivan Pavlov with dogs are a classic example of classical conditioning.
In classical conditioning what is the process called in which the animal develops an association between the unconditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus?
The process is called "acquisition" in classical conditioning. During acquisition, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits a response similar to the unconditioned stimulus.
In classical condotioning the conditioned stimulus will trigger the?
In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus will trigger the conditioned response. It is also referred to as respondent conditioning.
When a previously neutral stimulus like a bell brings out the same reflexive behavior produced by another stimulus known as what?
classical conditioning
What is stimulus discrimination in operant conditioning and classical conditioning?
Stimulus discrimination in operant conditioning refers to the ability to respond differently to similar stimuli based on specific cues or features present in the environment. In classical conditioning, stimulus discrimination involves learning to differentiate between two similar stimuli and responding differently to each based on the conditioning experience.
What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?
For classical conditioning to occur a neutral stimulus must be paired with an unconditioned stimulus. The neutral stimulus is initially meaningless to the organism but becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus after the two are repeatedly paired together. This process of association is known as classical conditioning. The following are the components needed for classical conditioning to occur: A neutral stimulus An unconditioned stimulus A response ReinforcementThe neutral stimulus is something that does not initially produce a response. It is usually a sound taste or smell. The unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally produces a response. It is usually a food or something that causes pain or discomfort. The response is the reaction to the unconditioned stimulus such as salivating or flinching. Reinforcement is the use of rewards or punishments to strengthen the association between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.
How is fear conditioning accomplished?
Fear conditioning is accomplished by pairing a neutral stimulus (such as a sound or a picture) with an aversive stimulus (such as a mild shock or a loud noise). Over time, the neutral stimulus becomes associated with the aversive stimulus, leading to a fear response when the neutral stimulus is presented alone. This type of associative learning is often used in behavioral psychology research to study fear and anxiety.
What is the process of pairing a neutral stimulus wth an unconditioned stimulus in a way that each produce the same response?
This process is called classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus alone can produce the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. This creates a conditioned response, where the neutral stimulus now elicits the same response as the unconditioned stimulus.
