Cancer

In the current model of cancer development, namely the initiaion-promotion-progression model, cancer development is presumed to be a very time-consuming process. The process of initiation, which is the process of rendering a single cell susceptible to developing into a malignancy, can take mere milliseconds to seconds, usually with the damage of DNA with chemicals or radiation followed by a round of cell division before the damage can be repaired. The initiated cell then needs to be promoted under the right circumstances. If the circumstances are not available, the initiated cell can lay dormant until it is promoted or until it dies. A promotion event always involves the selective amplification of the initiated cell population. The promoted cell can then divide and proliferate and progression begins. During progression, the body will try to either 'remodel' the promoted cells to try to make them behave normally again or kill them via the immune system. Progression is by far the longest of the phases and can stretch for years to decades. The body will initially gain an upper hand and may succeed in destroying the promoted cells. However, as the body ages, various mechanisms involved in remodeling and killing these cells become less efficient and the promoted cells may proliferate beyond the body's control, gaining mutations and eventually form a tumor. Therefore, in general, age is almost a prerequisite for people without congenital defects to get cancer since the normal process of progression takes decades. The body's defensive machinary becomes less and less efficient at stopping the pre-cancer cells as the body ages.

Cancer is cased from a damaged cell that can spread to the other cells. There is no known way to this date that can help repair these cells. There are some methods such as stem cells which can copy and replace other cells. So cancer is a type of cell.

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Long-term exposure to xylene, a solvent found in some inks, has been linked to an increased risk of health issues, including cancer. However, the risk of developing cancer from xylene-based ink exposure on its own is generally considered low. It's always important to use proper safety precautions when handling any potentially harmful substances.

Radiation treatments use high-energy beams to target and kill cancer cells. The goal is to damage the DNA of the cancer cells to prevent them from growing and spreading. Radiation therapy may be used alone or in combination with other treatments like surgery or chemotherapy.

The Tropic of Cancer is located at approximately 23.5 degrees north latitude.

Cancer cells can spread throughout the body by a process called metastasis, where they can invade nearby tissues and travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to form new tumors in other parts of the body. They acquire the ability to metastasize due to genetic mutations and changes in cell behavior that allow them to detach from the original tumor and survive in different environments.

statues and structures made up of marble and limestone are slowly corroded as the rain water containing the acids fall on them.both sulphuric acid and nitric acid dissolve marble to form salts.acid rain corrodes the marble of the monument.these phenomenon is also known as marble cancer.

The 5-year survival rate for colon cancer is around 65-70%. However, survival rates can vary depending on the stage at diagnosis and individual factors. Early detection and treatment can greatly improve outcomes.

A critical event in the later stages of carcinogenesis is the reactivation of the enzyme telomerase. Telomerase is usually only active during development when it sets up a normal length of telomeres in all of our cells before and immediately after we are born. Cancer cells, however, use telomerases to avoid death by telomere shortening. When cancer cells evade tumour suppression, it continues dividing and suffer telomere shortening until it reaches a state called 'crisis' when normal cells would automatically die. Cancer cells, however, can endure crisis at the cost of losing its telomeres. When telomeres are lost, repair mechanisms attach chromosomes to each other to avoid further shortening of the chromosomes. However, this highly anomalous event only causes the chromosomes to rip apart at random locations during the next replication cycle and induce genomic instability. This result of the instability is the random relocalization of fradments of chromosomes and eventually this can lead to the death of the cell or the reactivation of telomerase due to a random mutation (such as one that puts the telomerase gene under the promotion of a highly transcribed gene). This model has been scientifically verified since most malignant cancers are telomerase positive and interestingly, some laboratories that immortalize human cells for study also had to reactivate telomerase in these cells through a process of induced crisis.

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. It usually begins as a growth called a polyp, which can then turn into cancer over time. Symptoms include changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, abdominal pain, and unexplained weight loss. Early detection through screening tests like colonoscopies can improve outcomes.

The continents included in the tropics are Africa, South America, Central America, Southeast Asia, and parts of Australia. These regions lie predominantly within the tropical zone, characterized by warm temperatures and high humidity.

Yes, exposure to high doses of radiation from atomic bombs can increase the risk of developing leukemia. This is because radiation can damage the DNA within cells, leading to the development of cancer, including leukemia.

The hard magnetic metal used in the production of steel is usually iron, which can be magnetized to produce permanent magnets. The radioactive form of the element used in cancer treatment is typically cobalt-60, which emits gamma rays that can be focused on a tumor to destroy cancer cells.

Ras is a GTPase that functions in many growth-factor signaling pathways. In its active form,with GTP bound, it transmits a downstream signal that leads to cell proliferation; in its inactive form, with GDP bound, the signal is not transmitted. Uncontrolled growth of cancer cells will occur when there is an alteration that decreases the rate of hydrolysis of GTP by Ras. If thius rate is decreased, GTP will not be hydrolysed as quickly to GDP, causing there to be more cell proliferation than needed.

Constitutional DNA means the normal DNA of a patient with a cancer (from blood for example). It is possible to compare the constitutional DNA from healthy tissue to tumor DNA from the cancer to know the mutations that are important for tumor formation.

1. Radium was used in the past for the radiotherapy of some cancers.

2. But because radium is strongly radioactive uncontrolled irradiation or contamination with radium can lead to some cancers.

Electrons are usually used depending on the depth of the breast tissues, and the location of the tumour.

Electrons do not go as deep into the skin as photons do. If your tumour is close to the surface electrons may be used depending on the doctor that is treating you.

CHEMOTHERAPY: The treatment of illness or disease by chemicals. The compounds used are known as chemotheraputic agents. PASTEURIZATION: The process of heating milk and other liquids to destroy microorganisms which can cause spoilage or disease. STERILE FILTRATION: The process of filtering heat liable substances like enzymes and some drugs. The filter used can filter out microorganisms e.g. HEPA filter. VACCINATION: A prepration of either killed microoganism; living, weakened microorganism; or inactivated bacterial toxins, when adminstrated to induce development of the immune response and protect the individual against a pathogen or a toxin is called vaccination. RADIATION: The treatment of illness or disease like cancer by radiations lide magnetic radiations is called radiation therapy.

Cancer cells have higher mitotic index because they have a mutation in the DNA so they reproduce uncontrollably and therefore divide faster which means they have a higher mitotic index. ex. In a normal lung tissue, % of cells dividing is 5% while in a cancerous lung the % of cells divding is 25 %

Dr. Paul Ehrlich was the first person to treat disease using chemicals. Before him medical treatments were broad spectrum. He fathered the idea that a medical treatment could be custom made to target the specific cause (syphillis in this case) of disease. Chemotherapy is the treatment of disease through customized chemical compounds which have specific biological targets and do not attack the entire organism which contains the target.

Tumors on beef liver can vary in appearance, but they may appear as abnormal growths or masses on the surface of the liver. They can vary in size, color, and texture depending on the type of tumor. It is important to consult a veterinarian or pathologist for a definitive diagnosis.

It would come back if the cells were not all taken care of during chemo therapy. Typically lung cancer is found when it is too late...meaning it is usually found after it has metastasized (already spread) to another part of the body (ie. bones). After it has metastasized it is almost impossible to get it cleared up.

Cancer cells are different than regular cells by the way that they grow. Cancer cells were actually normal cells at one point until a mutation in the cell's DNA caused it to make the cell not be able to die. This causes uncontrollable cell growth because the cancer cell doesn't die and it takes over the body by travelling through blood vessels and lymph nodes.

Physically handicapped are those who have either got the disability through any of the two means either hereditery or through the environment eg. through some accident, on the other hand ,orthopedically handicapped are those who have some handicap related to their muscles or bones like your bones are too weak to enable you to lead a normal life or like it happens in polio or paralysis when your muscles stop moving its a precise term ,whereas, physical handicap is a wider term that we use for physical disabilities. i have tried my best to help you friend.