Evolution

First of all, the fossil record does not support the theory of evolution. The fossil record shows that species abruptly appear and disappear, almost as if they were created. There is absolutely no evidence in the fossil record of species gradually changing into different species. Darwin himself said that these revelations in the fossil record could be used as the most compelling arguments against his theory.

Secondly, in order for Darwin's theory to be plausible, it needs vast amounts of time (thus, evolutionists claim that earth is millions and millions of year old). But for the earth to be old enough to accommodate Darwin's theory would be impossible. The intensity of the electromagnetic sphere around the earth steadily and consistently decreases by seven percent about every one hundred years. When we look back in time and calculate the intensity of the electromagnetic sphere by adding seven percent every hundred years, we find that the electromagnetic sphere was so intense just twenty thousand years ago, that it would have literally dissolved the core of the earth. How then can the earth be billions of year old?

Thirdly, Darwin made his theory in the 1800s. Science has grown by leaps and bounds since then. Here is an example: Genetics was not developed as a science in Darwin's day, and he assumed that animals essentially had an unlimited capacity to adapt to environments -- unaware that no change could ever take place without the right genes being there. To resolve this dilemma, modern evolutionists asserted that the fish's genes must have mutated into human genes over eons. Mutations, of course, are abrupt alterations in genes. However, this hypothesis is no longer tenable. Dr. Lee Spetner, who taught information theory for a decade at Johns Hopkins University and the Weizman Institute, spent years studying mutations on a molecular level. He has written an important new book, "Not by Chance: Shattering the Modern Theory of Evolution" In it, he writes, "In all the reading I've done in the life-sciences literature, I've never found a mutation that added information. ... All point mutations that have been studied on the molecular level turn out to reduce the genetic information and not increase it."

A BIG NO! because sleeping is... 1. 1. A natural periodic state of rest for the mind and body, in which the eyes usually close and consciousness is completely or partially lost, so that there is a decrease in bodily movement and responsiveness to external stimuli. During sleep the brain in humans and other mammals undergoes a characteristic cycle of brain-wave activity that includes intervals of dreaming. 2. A period of this form of rest. 3. A state of inactivity resembling or suggesting sleep; unconsciousness, dormancy, hibernation, or death.

The theory of evolution has influenced taxonomy by providing a framework to understand and classify species based on their evolutionary relationships. Taxonomists now use evolutionary principles to group organisms into categories that reflect their common ancestry, leading to a more systematic and comprehensive classification system. This has helped improve our understanding of biodiversity and the relationships between different species.

They are homologous in the sense that all tetrapods share that forelimb structure. They are analogous because both bats and birds adapted flight to their local environmental conditions. One being a mammal, that has the finger extension type wing and one being aves with the full forelimb extending the wing. They have the flight in common, but not the structures, so are analogous. They have an ancestral condition leading to the similarity of forelimb structure and so are homologous.

The tree of life concept illustrates unity by showing that all living organisms share a common ancestry, with the trunk representing this shared origin. The branches and twigs demonstrate diversity as different species have evolved and diversified over time. This visual representation helps us understand the interconnectedness of all living things while highlighting the variations that have occurred through evolution.

Apes are like humans in many ways, such as having similar DNA, social structures, and cognitive abilities. They also exhibit emotions, tool use, and problem-solving skills like humans. Additionally, apes share many physical characteristics with humans, such as opposable thumbs and similar facial expressions.

the theory of evolution through natural selection, as it shows how species have adapted to different environments. This distribution reflects the process of speciation and evolution, where organisms have diversified to inhabit a wide range of habitats and niches.

Humans have tail bones are are vestigial. When humans stopped using tails, over several generations, they began to shrink, and now we are left with tail bones. However, there have been cases of people who were born with vestigial tails several centimeters long.

An example of a vestigial organ is the appendix.

Two or more taxa may have shared derived traits due to a common evolutionary history, where the traits were inherited from a common ancestor. This is known as homology. Alternatively, shared derived traits may also arise independently in different lineages due to convergent evolution, where similar environmental pressures result in similar adaptations.

Charles Darwin sailed on the HMS Beagle in the 1820's. The classical story is that his experience of the animals and plants of South America and the Galapagos (such as iguanas, tortoises and finches) suggested to him that species were not as fixed as many had assumed. Upon his return to England, he collated and gathered much evidence for change of living organisms (across time), eventually publishing his ideas in 1859 in his famous work On the Origin of Species. Organismal change had been hypothesised before Darwin even set out on the HMS Beagle. However it was Darwin who gathered the evidence that first showed change was indisputable and that Evolution was indeed a worthy hypothesis after all. Darwin's great addition were the suggestions of the mechanisms of Natural Selection and Sexual Selection in evolution.

Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, suggesting that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime could be passed on to its offspring. He also investigated the relationship between organisms and their environment, contributing to our understanding of evolution.

Back then, people were very religous and they thought that Darwin was saying we evolved from monkeys, but really, his theory proved that we evolved from the same common ancestor as monkeys, but took different paths.

Darwin was very worried about producing his theory in "The Orign of Species'

becaus of his beloved wife, Emma Darwin who was Christian and would be hurt by the very idea of it.

'The Origin of Species' was published in November 1859 at age 50, and sold 1250 copies in a single day. He was ridiculed and mocked.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published his ideas on evolution in 1809 in a book titled "Philosophie Zoologique." In this book, he proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, which suggested that organisms could pass down traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring.

When a cell undergoes cell division, it splits to produce two new cells. These new cells are called daughter cells. The original cell which splits to produce the daughter cells is known as the parent cell.

Comparative anatomy is the investigation and comparison of the structures of different animals. Scientists use comparative anatomy to study the difference between species and how they are alike in other ways.

By comparing the similarities and differences between a number of species, scientists can then construct a picture of their evolutionary relationships.

Lamarck's principle of use and disuse proposes that organisms can acquire or lose certain traits based on how much they use or do not use them during their lifetime. In other words, Lamarck suggested that characteristics developed during an individual's lifetime can be passed on to their offspring. This idea contrasts with modern understanding of genetics, which is based on the transmission of genetic information through DNA from parents to offspring.

Lamarck's three theories were the inheritance of acquired characteristics, the use and disuse theory, and the theory of adaptation. His assumptions included the belief that organisms could pass on traits they acquired in their lifetime to their offspring, that these traits were a result of their environment, and that organisms could change over time in response to their environment.

1. Fossil record shows a progression of organisms from simple to complex forms over time.
2. Comparative anatomy reveals similarities in bone structure and development between different species, indicating a common evolutionary ancestry.
3. Genetic similarity and shared sequences in DNA among different species provide strong evidence for common ancestry and evolution.

It shows how organisms transitioned. For example,

-Whales used to be land mammals, and they have finger bones in their fins. The changes in their inner ear to hear better in water than in land also shows adaptation.

-Humans used to be apes, and our curved spine is reminiscent that. The tail bone for example still has muscle attached to it which shows even today we still have a tail. It is just inside of our body. (And we still have the gene for a full tail, it's just inactive in most people. There are cases of babies being born with a full prehensile tail.)

-Recent discoveries show that velociraptors probably had some feathers on their forearms. This was discovered due to comparison of birds and their forearm bones which showed protrusions that suggest feather development.

Thorns are a plants systematic defense against predation by herbivores. In plants with this defense there must have been a variant that had a proto-thorn that helped it defend against herbivores and leave more descendants with the thorn trait. ( simplistic explanation, but valid )

Yes, Charles Darwin observed that in similar environments, unrelated species could independently evolve similar adaptations to survive and thrive. This phenomenon is known as convergent evolution, where organisms facing similar selective pressures develop similar traits or structures. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection explains how this process occurs over time.

The embryonic stage for many animals is very similar. For example, fish, bird, rabbit, and human embryos are similar in appearance in the early stages. They all have gill slits, a two-chambered heart, and a tail with muscles to move it. Later on, as the embryos grow and develop, they become less and less similar.

I don't claim expertise in evolutionary theory, but it seems so persuasive that I am willing to accept it as the best concept yet.

I've heard a Creationist say. "Well. there's no example of an animal that is half cat and half dog"

But that just shows that he has no concept of evolutionary theory

Adaptations such as double hooves and thick woolly coats (that keep the sheep warm in colder climates found on these hills) are both examples of the adaptations sheep have. these were the adaptations of sheep i hope this helps you