Neuroscience

Sound waves enter the ear and are converted into electrical signals by hair cells in the cochlea. These signals are sent as action potentials along the auditory nerve to the brain, specifically to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe, where they are processed and interpreted as sound.

controls muscles
Relay messages from the Brain in the CNS down through the Spinal Cord and into the PNS, from there the motor neuron synapses on muscle fibers. i.e. knee jerk reflex & the neuromuscular junction.

A large concentration of cell bodies within the central nervous system is referred to as a nucleus. Each nucleus typically carries out specific functions related to processing and transmitting information within the nervous system.

The hypothalamus is the endocrine gland that links the endocrine and nervous systems. It controls many of the pituitary hormone levels and also controls body water levels. The hypothalamus is located in the brain.
the thyriod gland

Mirror neurons are believed to be involved in observational learning by mimicking the actions and emotions of others. When observing someone perform a task, mirror neurons may activate in the observer's brain, allowing them to understand and imitate the observed behavior. This process helps individuals learn new skills by watching and modeling the actions of others.

What nerves supply voluntary sketal muscles

No, that's the whole point of addiction. But first of all, only recently has marijuana been shown to increase levels of dopamine, but only if taken in high enough doses. But if you assume marijuana is not addictive, then it shouldn't be affecting dopamine levels to begin with. Constant use of addictive drugs, however, can cause the brain to lose its ability to produce high levels of dopamine. When this happens, a drug user feels a greater need for the drug, or for even stronger drugs.

When a neuron is polarized, there is a difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the cell. This difference in charge is created by an uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane. This polarization allows the neuron to generate and transmit electrical signals.

Parasympathetic is a subcategory of autonomic in CNS. They used to said that Parasympathetic control "rest" and "digest" . So whatever activities deal w/ those 2 conditions, you can tell it is controlled by the parasympathetic Nervous system

A change in the resting potential of a dendrite from -70 mV to -72 mV is called hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization is when the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential.

Your central nervous system's hungry brain activates and guides the muscles of your arm and hand through the peripheral nervous system's motor neurons. When you pick up the fork, your brain processes the information that was sent from your sensory nervous system, helping it guide your fork to your mouth. This process starts with sensory input, then to interneuron processing and ends with motor output.

V. Ramachandran desribes a bit of this in his book "The Emerging Mind".

The Penfield-Homunculus is not an exact replica of the body, because the face is located directly besides the hand. Therefore, when a person is missing one arm, the neurons can cross-link, that is when they don't receive any input they form connections with the nearest area - in this case the face.

This is why people with phantom limbs sometimes feel their missing hand when their face is touched, another example is that when the face is stimulated with ice cubes, they feel as if the phantom limb got cold.

At the distal end, and axon usually has a terminal arborization(Telodendria)- and extensive complex of fine branches. Each branch ends in a synaptic knob(Terminal button), a little swelling that forms a junction (synapse) with the next cell. It contains synaptic vesicles full of neurotransmitters.

Passive transport - i.e., "leaky conductance" provided by NLCN channels for example.

Just as with many other cells in the body, the nucleus is a central part of the main cell body. It contains genetic material (DNA), which is transcribed and controlled by enzyme systems and other regulatory chemicals, along for genes to be expressed for the creation of proteins (neurotransmitters, enzymes, other regulatory chemicals) for the main functions of the cell.

It is a measure of how far away a given point in the visual field is from the fixation point (fovea). It is measured in degrees of retinal eccentricity.

Example: a retinal eccentricity of 30 means the point is located 30 degrees away from the fixation point. Bear in mind this point could be in any spatial location (up, down, left, right) but always 30 degrees away from the centre, i.e. forming a circle of possible locations.

Norepinephrine (otherwise known as Noradrenaline).

Acetylcholine IS NOT the right answer.

its no surprise to me because when you leave a potato in a little room for a while you Will start to see a small shot, this small shoot is like a stem, so when it is about 1cm long you can plant it.

The neurons build our brain tissue, and our brain control our body. So the neurons are giving signals to the muscles and also receive signals for pain, hurt, pressure and etc.

The physician could be referring to neuro-cysticercosis. This is caused by ingesting the eggs from the tapeworm Taenia solium, also referred to as 'the pork tapeworm'. This can happen inadvertently by ingesting food or fluids that are contaminated with the eggs. Symptoms would vary depending on the degree and location of infestation, with brainstem infestations being the most serious. There are drugs available to kill these parasites. Surgery is also an option.

Enzymes used for aerobic metabolism in the cell are contained within the mitochondria. These organelles are the main sites for the production of ATP through processes like the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes to facilitate the synthesis of proteins required for aerobic metabolism.

The two kinds of branches that extend from the cell body of a neuron are dendrites and axons. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body, while axons transmit signals away from the cell body to other neurons or target cells.

Yes. Most of the drugs used in psychoactive disorders have relatively short half-lives, so even trace amounts would quickly get metabolized and eliminated by the new host. In any case, the Red Cross has guidelines for donors on certain medications (see link below).

Oxytocin is the neurotransmitter most associated with love and bonding. It is often referred to as the "love hormone" or "cuddle chemical" because it is released in response to social bonding activities like hugging, kissing, or being around loved ones. Oxytocin plays a role in strengthening the emotional connection between individuals and promoting feelings of trust and intimacy.