Surgeons

· A 2010 NIH report found that cognitive training was the only factor that offered a high level of evidence for decreasing the risk of cognitive decline.

· Baby talk helps infants learn the rhythm and intonation of speech. Babies whose parents use baby talk typically learn language faster.

· Through a process called synaptic pruning, newborns lose approximately 40% of their neurons by the time they are an adult.

· The average individual can store around 7 items in his or her short-term memory.

· Repeating and rehearsing new information helps you learn material because it reinforces associated neural networks.

· Repeating and rehearsing new information helps you learn material because it reinforces associated neural networks.

· Prolonged stress can damage the nervous system, producing learning and memory impairments. Reducing chronic stress will make you happier, healthier, and smarter.

· Chocolate can be good for your brain! Dark chocolate contains flavanols and antioxidants, which seem to be good for long-term brain health.

· Improving your working memory can lead to an improvement in fluid intelligence or IQ.

· In the famous "Nun Study," evidence suggested that stimulating intellectual activity might provide protection from cognitive decline.

· Learn a new language: Learning new things contributes to cognitive reserve, helping to prevent and slow cognitive decline.

· Although representing only 2% of the body's mass, the brain consumes about 20% of the body's energy.

· There are no pain receptors in the brain, so the brain can feel no pain.

· Keep hydrated: Dehydration can cause headaches and can lead to long-term neuronal damage sustained from elevated stress hormones.

· Some research shows that caffeine - best consumed in moderation - can boost memory and reaction time.

· Your brain uses about 12 watts of electrical power - less than your refrigerator light.

· The human brain has about 100 billion neurons. A stack of 100 billion pieces of paper would be about 5000 miles high.

· The little-known glial cell is a type of brain cell that is actually about 10 times more numerous than neurons.

· Brain cells and the connections between them are continually changing to encode information in a process known as neuroplasticity.

· At only 4 weeks from conception, a human fetus is producing 250,000 brain cells every minute.

· A majority of the population is deficient in Omega-3 fatty acids, which are found in fish and flax seed oil and are important for the development and maintenance of brain function.

· The average adult human brain weighs about 1400 grams (3 pounds), or about 2% of total body weight.

· Excessive alcohol drinking has been shown to be linked to brain shrinkage and mental decline.

· The composition of the brain is 77-78% water, 10-12% lipids, 8% protein, 1% carbs, 2% soluble organics, 1% inorganic salt.

· The cerebral cortex is about 85% of the brain.

· Corpus callosum, a thick cable of nerves-operate in a complementary fashion with both hemispheres involved in higher cognitive functioning.

· The left hemisphere of the brain has 186 million more neurons than the right hemisphere.

· 750-1000ml of blood flow through the brain every minute or about 3 full soda cans.

· The brain can stay alive for 4 to 6 minutes without oxygen. After that cells begin die.

· Yawns wake up the brain: Yawning expands our pharynx and larynx, allowing large amounts of air to pass into our lungs; oxygen then enters our blood, making us more alert.

· Your cerebral cortex is about as thick as a tongue depressor. It grows thicker as you learn and use it.

· The human brain is the fattest organ in the body and may consists of at least 60% fat.

· Stopped growing. Your brain stopped growing at age 18.

· Once a human reaches the age of 35, he/she will start losing approximately 7,000 brain cells a day.

· You can't tickle yourself because your brain distinguished between unexpected external touch and your own touch.

· A small area in the brain called the amygdala is responsible for your ability to read someone else's face for clues to how they are feeling.

· Women tend to take longer to make a decision, but are more likely to stick with the decision, compared to men, who are more likely to change their mind after making a decision.

· Boredom is brought on by a lack of change of stimulation, is largely a function of perception, and is connected to the innate curiosity found in humans.

· Every time you recall a memory or have a new thought, you are creating a new connection in your brain.

· Anomia is the technical word for tip-of-the-tongue syndrome when you can almost remember a word, but it just won't quite come to you.

· While you sleep at night may be the best time for your brain to consolidate all your memories from the day.

· Five minutes after a dream, half of the dream is forgotten. Ten minutes after a dream, over 90% is forgotten.

· Dreams are more than just visual images, and blind people do dream.

· Your body produces a hormone that may prevent you from acting out your dreams, leaving you virtually paralyzed.

· If you are snoring, you are not dreaming.

· Each time we blink, our brain kicks in and keeps things illuminated so the whole world doesn't go dark each time we blink (about 20,000 times a day).

· Laughing at a joke is no simple task as it requires activity in five different areas of the brain.

· Music lessons have shown to considerably boost brain organization and ability in both children and adults.

· Cannibalism. Some research shows that humans carry genes that help protect the brain from prion diseases, or diseases contracted through eating human flesh, leading medical experts to believe that ancient humans may have eaten other humans.

· Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with depression than men in the United States.

· The equivalent of 3 full soda cans of blood flow through the brain each minute.

· your brain uses approximately 20% of the total oxygen pumping around your body! and about 750ml of blood pumps through your brain every minute!

· your brain consists of 60% white matter and 40% grey matter

· information travels at different speeds within different types of neurons. Transmission can be as slow as 0.5 meters/sec or as fast as 120 meters/sec. Traveling at 120 meters/sec is the same as going 268 miles/hour

· The largest part of the human brain is called the cerebrum. Other important parts include corpus callosum, cerebral cortex, thalamus, cerebellum, hypothalamus, hippocampus and brain stem.

· Studies have shown that children who are breast fed display IQ's up to 10 points higher by the age of three.

· Your brain is made up of 75% is water, and 60% fat. It's the fattiest organ in your body.

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Helps Us Because

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For your bachelors there are several options. The most popular tend to be pre-medicine, or pre-professional medicine, which most universities offer. Other options include, but are not limited to, biology, chemistry, biochemistry, etc. Hope this helps! Contact your local community college and they'll help you.

Here is more advice:

• High School - this is where it really begins. Classes: Basic Sciences (biology, chemistry, physics, algebra, geometry, calculus if possible). Humanities (English, a foreign language - we'd recommend Spanish). Get involved in high school charity organizations, like the Key Club, and extracurricular programs like student government, music programs, and sports. Plan to get into the best 4-year college your grades allow. The better (and thus the harder) the more likely you are to get into medical school. It generally doesn't matter whether it is a big school or small school - just a good school. Bottom Line: Develop good study habits and be involved!

• You need to do well in high school and get accepted at a good college/university. This will help with your chances of being accepted at a medical school. To be competitive for medical school, you should get about a 3.5 GPA in a good college plus participate in various extra-curricular activities and do well on an entrance exam for medical schools called the MCAT, similar to taking the SAT for college. After medical school you train for three years in a residency for pediatrics and then you are free to practice as a pediatrician.

• I'm not a doctor (yet that is) but I have researched a lot and have found that in high school it is best if you take all basic sciences(biology, chemistry, and physics) along with algebra, geometry, and pre-calculus if you can while taking English and a foreign language and obviously being involved in extra-curricular activities. In college you can take a pre-med curriculum and even have a specific advisor to help you get into medical school and he will also help you to choose the best classes in college. the basic classes are obviously 1-2 courses in biology 1-2 courses in chemistry and physics (sub-catogories in these generals are also required such as genetics and anatomy).

• In high school you will want to take all the science and math that you can. In college, the undergraduate degree that one chooses does not matter in order to be a pediatrician (or any other type of physician for that matter) -- he or she must simply take the appropriate premed classes, graduate from college, and be accepted into medical school.

• The classes one must take to get into medical school are the same no matter which kind of physician one wants to be. Generally, the premed requirements consist of a year of biology, a year of inorganic chemistry, a year of organic chemistry, calculus, English, and a year of physics. (Check with a premed advisor to make sure that these have not changed). If you know that you have a particular interest in pediatrics, you might consider trying to volunteer with a clinic or hospital and finding an pediatrician who would serve as your mentor to see if it's really what you want to do and to show your interest in the field. Once in medical school, all of the classes and rotations are the same for everyone until the fourth year, when elective rotations can be taken. You would need to apply to pediatric residency programs during that year of medical school and then complete a pediatrics residency (tpyically 3 years).

• In high school, as much advanced placement chemistry and biology as you can muster. In college, major in biology or chemistry and take the pre-med track specifically if offered. Then you will need to do an internship and then residency in pediatric medicine. Then you will need to take your boards, probably within 1-2 years after finishing your residency. (Some practices are willing to hire someone who has not yet passed his boards, but is "board eligible.")

• Talk to your medical college of choice and find out what they recommend as prerequisites. Colleges have different requirements and it's best to get the information directly from them. Start planning early and things will work out far better. In any case, you will need to take and do well in, chemestry, English, a foreign language, physics and probably some upper level math.

• In college, you'll probably find yourself taking lots of biology and chemistry classes. Look on medical school web sites for their entrance requirements - you will find a specific list of courses there and you can start working backward to figure out what will best help you prepare for those pre-requisites.

• Your primary concern should be to get good grades and prepare for college, taking the college prep type classes. It will help if you can take AP courses and even do the IB.

The answer depends on:

• The number of surgeons in the city, or the country or the world; it is not specified.
• The number of medical operations performed in the city, or the country or the world; it is not specified.
• The kind of the medical operations and if they are life risky or not.