Unix

what are similarities and differences between linux and unix?

In the traditional Berkley Fast Filesystem (and it's derivatives, such as UFS), the target for a softlink is stored in the DIR_ENT (directory structure), provided the total path length of the target was below the maximum size of a filename for DIR_ENT. If the softlink path exceeded this length, then it got a specific file entry created for it, which contained just the target path.

The passwd file is public and readable by anyone. For this reason you do not want to have some sensitive information placed there, such as the user's password. Passwords and password aging rules are stored in the shadow file that is only accessible by the root administrator account. This way information that is displayed by commands such as 'finger' can use public information but sensitive information such as the password of a user is not accessible.

Answer is Linux :)

su substitute user.. and su is a unix command used to run the shell of another user without logging off..

PS (see "man 1 PS") in Linux is a program that generally comes with the operating system that allows you to see information about the running processes.

pstree is a program that lets you see the processes as a tree, to see which process started which other process, for example.

There are a number of reasons that UNIX is successful; in the early days, it was available free of charge from Bell Labs to universities, at a time when universities were spending a lot of money for software licenses (VMS, etc.).

It appealed to computer science departments because of its structure and was a great way to teach computer science and operating systems. It also did not need a lot of equipment to run on.

As more and more university graduates went to industry they started demanding the use of UNIX in the corporate environment because of its simplicity and power. Eventually commercial companies (HP, IBM, SUN, etc.) took notice as a way of earning money.

echo -n "Name: "
read n
if [ -f $n ]; then
echo $n is a file
elseif [ -d $n ]; then
echo $n is a directory
fi

The sizing of a paging file is usually dependent on the amount of physical memory installed, which you do not indicate in your question. Maximums can be set according to the amount of disk space available and their placement. Sometimes you can set the maximum much higher than would be used by the operating system, leading to wasted allocation of disk space.

Kenneth Thompson

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There are many diffferent memory management techniques used in any Operating System, and Linux is no different. The answer is not simple and is beyond the scope of this type of question. I would refer you to any of the Linux kernel books for more in-depth discussion of the techniques that are used.

perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.for example,the windows utility called Disk Defragmenter locates and eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations.

Use the 'grep' family of commands to search for string pattern matches in multiple files.

help xcopy ǀmore - Lists information one screen at a time.

The local user files that are read are the .login and the .cshrc files

The most common between Unix systems would be NFS Network File System.

== == Alert! Do not go this route, you can go to prison for this type of act. Be careful that you do not fall for any scams.

There are no actual "hidden" files in Unix. The only way to hide the existence of a file is to place it in a folder that no one has read permissions for.

Echo is a program. '' is not a program. '' does not perform any action. Echo returns what you type. '' does not.

Host names can be resolved by either using the /etc/hosts file or by using DNS.

No, because the root is the very top of the directory structure. It has to be unique.

Employ the ODBC code or module written for whatever language you're writing in. Or, alternatively, write your own ODBC code.

The four main components are: the Kernel, the Shell, the File system and Command

It is very common to use the 'tail' command to look at a file that is being written to in order to monitor the output of a process.

Most systems recognize the tail -f command for that purpose. You must then use an interrupt signal to stop it from looking at the active file.