American Old West

It was the Chisholm Trail.

Horses.

Manifest destiny motivated white Americans towards Westward Expansion. It was the idea that they were given divine rights to occupy all of North America.

Bass Reeves was the most important lawman in the Indian Territory and one of the greatest frontier heroes in our country's history. The research on his life is ongoing and is believed we will learn even more in the future about his outstanding dedication and commitment to duty. Hopefully the location where he was buried in Muskogee, Oklahoma will be found. Below are four articles from the two major newspapers in Muskogee, early in the century. They are the Muskogee Phoenix and the Muskogee Times Democrat. The articles discuss Reeves career during his sickness and after his death. The articles were written after statehood when bias and prejudice against African Americans was very strong, some of the comments reflect that mindset. But still it is very impressive testimonials from two white newspapers of the era: ---- Bass Reeves, a deputy United States marshal in old Indian Territory for over thirty years, is very ill at his home in the Fourth ward and is not expected to live. Reeves was a deputy under Leo Bennett in the last years of the federal regime in Oklahoma, and also served in the old days of Judge Parker at Fort Smith. In the early days when the Indian country was overriden with outlaws, Reeves was sent to go through the Indian country and gather up criminals which were tried at Fort Smith. These trips lasted sometimes for months and Reeves would herd into Fort Smith often single handed, bands of men charged with crimes from bootlegging to murder. He was paid fees in those days which some times amounted to thousands of dollars for a single trip. For a time Reeves made a great deal of money and was said to be worth considerable. He then shot a man whom he was trying to arrest and was tried for murder. The fight for life in the courts was a bitter one, but finally Reeves was acquitted on the testimony of a young negro girl. He was freed, but not until most of his money was gone. The veteran negro deputy never quailed in facing any man. Chief Ledbetter says of the old man that he is one of the bravest men this country has ever known. He was honest and fearless, and a terror to the bootleggers. He was as polite as an old-time slave to the white people and most loyal to his superiors. His son shot and killed his own wife and Reeves, enforcing the law arrested his own son. The young negro was sent to the penitentiary. While the old man is slowly sinking, Bud Ledbetter, who for years was in the government service with Reeves is caring for the old man the best he can and is a daily visitor at the Reeves home. Police Judge Walrond, who was United States district attorney while Reeves was an officer, also calls on the old negro. "While Reeves could neither read nor write," said Judge Walrond today, "he had a faculty of telling what warrants to serve on any one and never made a mistake. Reeves carried a batch of warrants in his pocket and when his superior officers asked him to produce it the old man would run through them and never fail to pick out the one desired. Since statehood, Reeves was given a place on the police force, but became ill and unable to work. For the past year he has been growing weaker, and has but little time to spend in this world. He is nearly seventy years old. ---- Bass Reeves, colored, for 32 years a deputy United States marshal in Indian Territory, who served under the famous Judge Parker at Fort Smith and later at Muskogee, a man credited with fourteen notches on his gun and a terror to outlaws and desperadoes in the old days, died at his home at 816 North Howard Street late yesterday afternoon at the age of 72. Death was caused by Bright's disease and complications. Information found at: http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/BASS_LEG.HTM

Being able to brand your cows so that they could be identified and fencing off land so cattle were not lost were two things that helped make cattle ranching so profitable in the late 1800s. Railroads helped cut the transportation costs.

The Western Arms Corp was created by Ithaca Gun Company in 1929 to introduce a new, low cost double barrel shotgun. The new gun was called the Long Range Double. They also made the Long Range Double Deluxe which was usually made exclusively for the Montgomery Ward Company and sold by them under the name Western Field Deluxe. Parts may be available through: Numrich gunpartscorp.com

Jack First jackfirstgun.com

Bob's Gun Shop gun-parts.com

Midwest

Chisholm Trail. (:

No. Every mile was dangerous. Each year the wagon trains started in late April or early May. Timing was crucial. If they left too early they might not find enough grass to feed the livestock. Too late they could be stranded in the mountains by snow. The Oregon Trail was little more than a pair of wheel ruts across 2400 miles of prairie land. They faced deep rivers, rapids, and had to ford these with the wagons. Often, the animals or wagons would be washed down river or get stuck. The first weeks on the trail were the easiest. Wagons had fresh supplies, the animals were sleek and happy, the land was flat and the days were nice. Soon, though, they would face violent rainstorms, winds, and top heavy wagons were blown over by the winds. Everything would get wet. As they got to the Rockies the trail became harder and they struggled with the loads on the wagons. Soon they had to dump household items to lighten the loads. Half of the people were now ill and bounced along in wagons. Many walked the entire route. Those going to CA had to cross the deserts of Utah and Nevada and pull themselves up the Sierra Nevada mountains. They were overcome by heat, tired, and animals would drop dead in the yoke, food supplies ran low, and wagons would go over the side of a mountain pass. Babies were born on the trail and many died, accidents and disease killed people. After 6-8 months they finally got to CA.

6 months

Most Christians celebrate a "Harvest Festival" in their churches at the end of the harvest season to thank God for his bounty and to celebrate the successful bringing in of the harvest. These celebrations may be followed by a "Harvest Supper'.

Hindus celebrate "Pongal" in January each Year, the Jews "Sukkot" in September or October and the Buddhists celebrate Harvest Festivals at various times of the year depending on the country. Strangely, Muslims do not appear to have any specific festival to thank God for a bountiful harvest.

"Thanksgiving" is often used in North America for the Christian Festival and in England sometimes one finds the old fashioned name of "Harvest Home".

Cattle drive.

# -Walt Whitman (1819-1892) # -Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887) # -Albert Einstein (1879-1955) # -Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986) # -Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) # -John Muir (1838-1914) # -George Washington Carver (1864-1943) # -Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) # -Grandma Moses (1860-1961) # -Helen Keller (1880-1968) # -Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) # -Walt Whitman (1819-1892) # -Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) # -Carl Sandburg (1878-1967) # -Sojourner Truth (1797-1883) # -Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) # -Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) # -Ella Wheeler Wilcox (1850-1919) # -Henry Vandyke (1852-1933) # -Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-1962) # -Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1955) # -Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931) # -"Sister" Elizabeth Kenny (1886-1952) # -Elbert Hubbard (1856-1915) # -Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888)

The address of the Grand Ladies Of The Old West is: 12802 Mapleview St Apt 34, Lakeside, CA 92040-2007

Chisholm Trail

In houses, on the sand, and sometimes under the front porch of the tavern if they'd had a long night. With regards to sleeping locations.... There's no specific difference between then and now aside from the increase in civilization.

June 1847 is the day that it ended.The month and the year is known ,but the date in the month is unknown.I had checked it in websites but it didn't say what date it ended.

It didn't bring an end to the cattle boom, but rather began the end before it started. The Civil War had just started over a year ago when this act was passed in Congress, so it had, at the time, no effect on the cattle boom because, even at that time, the "cattle boom" hadn't even began. The boom or demand for beef in the American economy didn't reach its peak until after the war, where war veterans and other folks headed west with high profits in sight when the demand for beef back East had skyrocketed. They took those cattle that were accumulating in the southwestern portion of the United States, branded them, claimed ranch land to begin raising the cattle on, and hired work-ready men to herd the excess stock north to the markets.

But, with the end of the war came the drive west for pioneers and their families. They began to settle land wherever they could, and made it so that rouge cattle or open-range cattle couldn't graze or ruin their land, and this was made possible through the beginning of the use of barbed wire fences. The more settlers that came in and the more land became settled, the harder it was to drive cattle north to markets without running into conflicts. Also, with more settlers came more cattle through importations from European countries and introduction of new breeds, such as Hereford and Aberdeen Angus, two of the beef breeds that made their stake in America long after the Spanish Criollos were imported to America in the late 1400's. With more cattle, came less demand and prices went down. And when prices go down, it brings an end to the cattle boom to the American West.

mate(uncork&pork). feed. repeat. :D

In the Old West, pay for soldiers in the U.S. Cavalry typically ranged from $13 to $25 per month, depending on rank and experience. Privates earned around $13, while higher ranks, such as sergeants, received more, potentially up to $25. Additionally, soldiers often faced deductions for food, clothing, and other necessities, which impacted their take-home pay. Overall, the compensation was modest and often supplemented by other forms of income or bounties.

One of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's major achievements was the implementation of the New Deal, a series of programs and reforms aimed at addressing the economic devastation of the Great Depression. The New Deal included initiatives such as Social Security, the establishment of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the creation of jobs through public works projects. These measures helped to stabilize the economy, provide relief to millions of Americans, and lay the groundwork for the modern welfare state. Roosevelt's leadership during this challenging period fundamentally transformed the role of the federal government in economic and social affairs.

Yes, there were a number of survivors, maybe half of the original complement. It is a tragic accident of history to call this incident a Party, which usually is something joyful and upbeat, not extreme hunger, survival problems- and cannibalism.

The American railroad transformed cowboys by providing a more efficient means of transporting cattle to markets, significantly increasing the scale and profitability of cattle drives. With railroads, cowboys could drive herds to railway stations instead of distant cities, reducing the time and danger involved in long drives. Additionally, the expansion of railroads contributed to the decline of the open range, as settled farming and ranching became more prevalent, ultimately changing the nature of cowboy life and work.