Australian Colonial Settlement

The first Australian settlers were the indigenous people known as the Aborigines, who were believed to have arrived from the Asian continental land mass thousands of years ago. The first white settlers were convicts and officers from England, who arrived on the First Fleet in 1788.

When established, the military colony in Australia used convict labour to build and run the township. As more convicts and free settlers arrived, the settlers were assigned convicts (whom they had to house and feed) as labourers, shepherds and servants.

It was essentially an open prison. The convicts mostly went about their tasks unfettered, some in supervised work gangs, others quite freely. They were subject to a weekly muster roll call. Trusty prisoners were appointed supervisors for work parties. Punishments on recalcitrant prisoners had to be authorised by a magistrate.

Those who were well conducted, after serving part of their sentence, were given a 'ticket of leave' for the remaining part of their sentence and allowed to move about seeking employment and not subject to the muster.

In the 1840s, a different system obtained, with newly arrived convicts committed to prisons built at Port Arthur in Van Diemen's Land and Norfolk Island until released on ticket of leave.

The convicts who were sent to Australia were ordinary, everyday people who made the mistake of committing any of a range of crimes, from larceny and fraud to stealing a mere loaf of bread in order to survive.

None of the convicts were murderers.

The convicts literally built the colony. They constructed the buildings, roads and bridges and quarried the stone for building as well as cutting down the trees. They established the first farms and crops, and tended the livestock.

Some convicts were assigned as servants or tradesmen to free settlers. Other, educated convicts were given work that suited their education; for example, one of Australia's most famous convicts was the architect Francis Greenway.

William Lawson, together with Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth, was one of Australia's first inland explorers. For twenty-five years, the settlements of Sydney and Parramatta had struggled with the increasing demands for grazing and crop land. These men were determined to find a way through the impassable Blue Mountains to the rich grasslands they believed lay inland, and they achieved this in May 1813.

The Secret River is a powerful book highlighting the conflict between early settlers and Aborigines in Sydney Cove, and the ultimate tragedy of the loss of the aboriginal way of life. It is not the purpose of WikiAnswers to give away the ending of a story in lieu of someone actually reading the novel.

The first lobotomy was performed in 1935 by Portuguese neurologist António Egas Moniz.

William Bligh, the British naval officer who is best known for his role in the mutiny on the Bounty, had seven children with his wife, Elizabeth.

It took Columbus three voyages to see the coast of America - his first two landed on Caribbean islands. Look at the map. With the continent of the Americas between him and Australia, which is on the far side of the Pacific Ocean, and no Panama Canal, the chances of his seeing that Australia are vanishingly small.

Convicts in Australia faced a range of problems, including harsh living conditions, forced labor, limited freedom, and social isolation. They often suffered from malnutrition, disease, and physical abuse. Moreover, they were stigmatized by society, which made it difficult for them to reintegrate into the community after serving their sentences.

Blaxland had a close and collaborative relationship with his companions, Wentworth and Lawson, during their journey across the Blue Mountains. They relied on each other for support, decision-making, and problem-solving, which was crucial for the success of their expedition. Their strong camaraderie and teamwork enabled them to navigate the difficult terrain and find a route through the mountains.

Fleet ditch is an underground river that flows into the Thames.

However, its usually used in reference to fleet ditch being used as a sewer throughout history.

So if someone talks about a fleet ditch, they probably mean open sewers or pooping in rivers.

Matthew Flinders is arguably most famous for being the first to circumnavigate the Australian continent. Between December 1801 and June 1803, Flinders charted the entire coastline of Australia.

Australia was previously known as New Holland, and Flinders first proposed the name "Terra Australis", which became "Australia", the name adopted in 1824.

The first working television was made my John Logie Baird, a Scottish engineer living in England. Using the world's first video camera, he demonstrated his "Televisor" television in a department store in London during March 1925.

This same system was later used by the BBC to begin the first public broadacsts from their London studios. The Televisor was sold commercially and the system remained in operation until 1936 when the BBC changed to a higher definition format.

Originally, it was recommended that the First Fleet would settle at Botany Bay, where it arrived on 18 January 1788. However, Captain Arthur Phillip immediately determined that there was insufficient fresh water, an absence of usable timber, poor quality soil and no safe harbour at Botany Bay. He sailed north, seeking a better site for settlement, and decided Port Jackson met the immediate needs of the colonists. Thus the fleet was moved to Port Jackson, and thence on to Sydney Cove, arriving on 26 January 1788.

Portsmouth.

Blaze phillip

There is no set number; like all fleet commands around the world, the number of naval assets assigned to 2nd Fleet changes constantly. This is because ships form different Task Forces, Battle Groups, etc., and may leave the 2nd Fleet's operational command area and enter another, or they're formed/assigned as tactical considerations warrant. Ships and other assets that might be assigned to 2nd Fleet's command may be from another Fleet; it depends on the situation and needs of the Navy.

Under canvas, then wattle and daub huts.

The Taft katsura agreement Secretary of War William Taft suggested America would support Japanese control of

The convicts on the First Fleet lived primarily on the ships that carried them from England to Australia. Once they arrived, they were initially settled in makeshift tents and huts near Sydney Cove in an area that later became known as the Rocks.

They arrived in waves of different peoples between about 50,000 and 5,000 years ago, taking up tracts of land which was either unpopulated or displacing existing occupants. They lived in a clan and tribal society harvesting natural resources for subsistence. Each group had its own traditional practices and religious customs. The males were trained as warriors and inter-tribal fighting cost about a thousand deaths a year. They followed the rhythms of climate, animal migration and foodstuff growth.