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Bombs and Explosive Materials

Bombs are explosive weapons that are detonated by a timing mechanism or other means to release a destructive material. Explosive materials, or simply explosives, are substances containing huge amounts of stored energy that produce explosion.

1,207 Questions

What is the formula of nuclear bomb?

The formula for a nuclear bomb involves the process of nuclear fission or fusion. In the case of fission bombs, such as the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the formula involves the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei like uranium or plutonium. For fusion bombs, like thermonuclear weapons, the formula involves the fusion of light atomic nuclei like hydrogen isotopes. The specific details and equations involved are complex and highly classified due to the sensitive nature of nuclear weapons technology.

How do explosives work?

Explosives work by releasing a large amount of stored energy in a rapid and uncontrollable manner. This energy release generates an intense shockwave that causes damage to surrounding materials by way of compression, fragmentation, and heat. The specific mechanism varies based on the type of explosive used, such as chemical reactions in the case of gunpowder or high-pressure gas expansion in the case of compressed gases.

What food item is an ingredient in dynamite?

Peanuts are sometimes used in dynamite, in the form of peanut oil.

Some manufacturers use it to make glycerol, which is an ingredient of nitroglycerine, although it is not an essential ingredient. Glycerol can be made without peanut oil as well.

Is there anything more powerful than a hydrogen bomb potentially?

Tesla said that humanity, starting in 1908, has had the technology to build death rays (the quick transfer of electromagnetic energy from 1 spot to another at the speed of light). Only the richest and most technologically advanced countries could do it though he also said. He was the second smartest man in the world at that time (first being Albert Einstein). So if we humans could build something like that in 1908, don't you think the United States 100 years later can possibly have something like that right now? I can see though why they would want to keep it a secret.

Why do explosives explode?

Explosives explode due to a rapid release of stored energy, often in the form of heat, light, sound, and pressure. This release of energy occurs when the chemical bonds within the explosive material are broken, causing the material to rapidly expand and generate a shock wave.

Does a dirty bomb spread radioactive contamination through conventional explosives?

Yes and no. One can use conventional explosives to make a dirty bomb or attack a nuclear facility to produce the same result.

Radiological weapons, or "dirty-bombs," use conventional explosives to disperse radioactive material. These weapons are relatively easy to make. Dirty bombs need not contain highly enriched uranium or plutonium but can use any type of radioactive material or waste. For example, this was can come from dismantled nuclear weapons, power plant storage areas, hospital x-ray machines, or cleanup from nuclear disasters. An individual can take this waste and use any means to disperse it: conventional explosives, ammonium nitrate bombs, or simply gasoline filled drums. Detonating this radioactive material in an urban environment would render the immediate area indefinitely uninhabitable.

Similarly, attacking a nuclear power plant or waste storage facility would create a second type of dirty bomb. For example, this attack would occur by planting explosives within a facility or by flying an airplane into a reactor. A nuclear power plant presents a tempting target, since a meltdown of its reactor would contaminate hundreds of square miles. This attack would create a much higher concentration of radiation than a small, homemade device.

See, Gopal B. Saha, Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicine, 260.

John Baylis, et al, Strategy in the Contemporary World, 299.

What is the main ingrediant to c4 explosives?

C-4 (composition 4) is one of the popular plastic explosive(explosive chemical mix with plastic binder). It has 2 important advantages:

  1. The explosive material which coated with plastic binder will make it less sensitive to heat and shock. Since it is stabilized, it is relatively safe to handle C-4. Only detonator or blasting cap can trigger the reaction. Lighting the C-4 with a match will just make it burn slowly, like a piece of wood. (In Vietnam, soldiers actually burn C-4 as an improvised cooking fire.) Even shooting the explosive with rifle won't trigger the reaction.
  2. C-4 material is highly flexible. It can be molded into different shapes to change the direction of the explosion.

Explosive material in C-4 is cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (royal demolition explosive / RDX). Cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine was first prepared in 1899 from nitric acid and methenamine by Henning. The flow chart below (Please refer to reference below) shows the synthesis method uses methenamine (hexamethylenetetramine).

Besides the method above, cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine can also be synthesized from formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate and acetic anhydride. (Method developed by Ross and Schiessler' in 1940's)

Normally, C-4 is made up of explosives, plastic binder, plasticizer and, usually, marker or taggant chemicals such as 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMDNB) to help detect the explosive and identify its source. In 2004, Kenneth E. Lee discovered a reformulation of composition C-4 explosive for superior energetic performance and flexibility. (US Patent: 6887324)

Reference:

How C4 explosive is made. Life Chemistry. Retrieved June 20, 2008, from

http://life-chemistry.blogspot.com/search/label/Explosive

Why is the hydrogen bomb dependent on the atomic bomb?

A hydrogen bomb is a fusion nuclear weapon, and the "regular" atomic bomb is a fission one. Both are an example of an "atomic bomb" in the general sense. But we know what you're asking, and here's the answer. In a fission weapon, subcritical masses of fissile material (usually plutonium) are driven together with conventional explosives to cause criticality, supercriticality and the blast. In a hydrogen bomb, the only way to get things hot enough for fusion to begin to occur is by virtue of the heat generated by a fission weapon. A fission blast will, if things are set up correctly, set off a fusion blast. Big, big, bigboom! That's the long and short of it. To build a hydrogen (fusion) weapon, you have to build a fission bomb "around" or "up against" components to cause fusion to occur in the heat of the fission reaction when that fission bomb goes off. Our sun is a gigantic fusion machine. It is similar to a hydrogen bomb in that both fuse hydrogen into helium. On the sun, it happens all the time in a continuous event. Here on earth, it's a one-shot affair and a massive boom!

What is the withdrawal distance for all HCD 1.2 explosives in a fire?

The withdrawal distance for all HCD 1.2 explosives in a fire is typically 1.5 kilometers. This distance is crucial for ensuring the safety of personnel and property in case of a fire involving these explosives.

What is the chemistry of a hydrogen bomb?

Nuclear reactions that occur in nuclear bombs and nuclear reactors are not chemical reactions, strictly speaking. Chemical reactions involve the formation and breaking of bonds through the sharing of electrons which are outside of the nucleus, while nuclear reactions involve the formation breaking of atomic nuclei. Keep that distinction in mind as you read this answer.

Hydrogen bombs fuse two nuclei to form a new nucleus. Atomic nuclei are composed of two types of smaller parts, called protons and neutrons. A hydrogen atom composed of one proton and one neutron are smashed into another hydrogen atom composed of one proton and two neutrons. A new atom is formed, a helium atom with two protons and two neutrons. The extra neutron flies away as well.

It turns out that this new nucleus and the extra neutron have less energy than the two starting hydrogen atoms. The extra energy is released as heat and light. This amount of energy is rather large (as far as the atomic scale is concerned), and when a very large number of these nuclear reactions occur, as in a hydrogen bomb, the total amount of energy can be enormous.

Why do people use smoke bombs?

People use smoke bombs for a variety of reasons, such as for special effects in photography or film, to create a visual distraction for events like protests or celebrations, for military training exercises, or for paintball and airsoft games.

Compare a hydrogen bomb and an atom bomb?

both r useless

Sometimes "atom" bomb is also used to describe a hydrogen bomb. Strictly, historically speaking, the atom bomb works via the energy released when a heavy atom nucleus such as uranium is split (called nuclear fission). This is also the energy source for nuclear power stations. A hydrogen bomb works via the energy released on fusing (called nuclear fusion) two light atoms (such as hydrogen) together - the huge pressure needed is derived from an atom bomb. This situation arises because the atoms towards in the middle of the periodic table are more stable, than those nearer the ends. A lot of electricity is derived nowadays from nuclear fission (nuclear power stations) but no significant power has yet been derived from nuclear fusion, though a lot of work is being done on it.

What does the haber process have to do with the manufacturing of explosives?

The Haber process is used to produce ammonia, which is a key ingredient in the manufacturing of explosives such as ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate is often used as a component in explosive devices due to its high nitrogen content, which helps in generating explosive power.

What equals 100 billion one-megaton hydrogen bombs per second?

The energy equivalent of 100 billion one-megaton hydrogen bombs per second would be approximately equal to 44,160,000,000,000,000,000 joules (44.16 exajoules) of energy released every second. This immense level of energy output is difficult to comprehend in practical terms due to its staggering magnitude.

What form is Einsteinium used in hydrogen Bombs?

Einsteinium-253, a radioactive isotope, is used in hydrogen bombs as a component in the initiation system. It helps to start the nuclear reaction by emitting neutrons when subjected to a high-energy source like conventional explosives. Its properties make it suitable for triggering the fusion reaction in thermonuclear weapons.

Does a falling bomb actually make a noise as in the whistle that you hear in movies when bombs fall and if so are there measures so it does make a noise on purpose?

speaking from experience from ww2 Southampton bombing raids; bombs traveling at or above the velocity of sound; make a screaming, or whistling sound. The better you hear them; the more certainty it is not falling on you. The one that hits you you will not hear; for it gets there before its sound. ----

What is a hydrogen bomb made of?

a hydrogen bomb is based on the principle of nuclear fusion. 4 hydrogen nulcei combine to form a helium nuclei and release energy. But fusion is only possible at high temperatures. Hence a nuclear fission reaction is carried out to get a high temperature.

practical hydrogen bombs actually use the solid chemical lithium deuteride, not hydrogen as their fuel. neutrons from the bomb's fissioning plutonium "sparkplug" split the lithium nuclei to produce tritium, which then undergoes fusion with the deuterium. this deuterium-tritium fusion happens at far lower temperatures and pressures than the 4 hydrogen fusion mentioned above requires.

Why can explosives be transported long distances without exploading?

Simple... As an explosion consists of three things, just like a fire, you would need all three: Ignitor, as in the energy to start the explosion, or often referred to as temperature needed to start the combustion Fuel, the explosive itself, Oxygen , no oxygen, no explosive or fire... As the explosives and oxygen are present, the temperature isn't . If you were to heat up the explosives during transport high enough, they would explode.

What is the diffrece from a nuke and a bomb?

A bomb is a generic term that refers to any weapon that explodes with a burst of energy. A nuke, short for nuclear bomb, specifically refers to a bomb that uses nuclear reactions to produce a powerful explosion. In other words, all nukes are bombs, but not all bombs are nuclear weapons.

How much would a nuclear bomb destroy?

Depends on the size of the weapon- they come in different yields. Depends too on the blast type. There are three different types of detonations: air, surface, and sub-surface. Each has a different purpose and does different damage.

See the link below for a rough idea of the blast area of a one kiloton device.

That depends on its yield and height/depth of burst.

Does a nuclear bomb turn people into dust?

A nuclear bomb can create extreme heat and pressure which can vaporize people near the blast site, turning them into dust. However, the effects of a nuclear bomb also include radiation exposure which can cause further harm and widespread destruction beyond the initial blast area.

What element formed when a hydrogen bomb explodes?

When a hydrogen bomb explodes, different elements may be formed through nuclear reactions, such as helium, lithium, tritium, and various isotopes of heavy elements like uranium and plutonium. These elements are created through the fusion and fission processes that occur during the explosion.

How do the bombs blow up?

Conventional non-nuclear bombs contain chemical explosives, and a fuse/detonator mechanism. The fuse may be activated by the bomb hitting the target, or by altitude- reaching a pre-set height above the ground. The fuse sends an electrical current to the detonator, which contains a sensitive explosive. THAT explodes, causing the main charge of chemical explosives to explode.

What are true statements about bombs?

Bombs are explosive devices designed to cause damage and destruction. They can be used for various purposes, such as military attacks, terrorism, or demolition. It is essential to handle and dispose of bombs safely to prevent accidents and harm.

What is a bomb shell made of in modern time?

Depends entirely on the bomb. There are hundreds of different type to do different things. The basic "iron bomb" is a steel casting. Some have hardened penetrators, some may be a plastic or cellulose material, etc.