C Programming

An algorithm simply describes the finite, procedural steps required to solve a problem. Algorithms are not specific to any one programming language, but without algorithms there would be no computer programs let alone programming languages. That is, you cannot program a computer to solve a problem unless you know how to solve the problem yourself and for that you need to know the algorithm. Once you have the algorithm, you can program the computer to implement it.

The main differences between an array and a structure are:

An Array is a collection of similar data items.An array is derived data type.It behave like a built in data type. An array can be increased or decreased.

A structure is a collection of dissimilar data items.It is a user defined data types.It must be declared and defined.A structure element can be added if necessary.

A first generation contact language is called a pigdin. The feature of human language that allows people to talk about the past and the future is referred to as displacement.

Mainly JavaSript is a low-level scripting language that differs from the high-level languages in its easiness. The core language is really simple, and is designed to be easier for beginners,

I.e. JS i loosly typed. Meaning that a variable can reference any kind of literal, array or object, which differs from the high-level C-languages where you have to declare if a variable i to reference an integer, floating-point, string, hash-map and so on.

Another major difference is that JS, like python or php isn't compiled to machine code, but interpreted at runtime, making programs run significantly slower than compiled programs.

Another difference which is good, and unique to JS is that it does not inherit the C class model when working in OOP. Objects in JavaScripts can be crated and altered as one want to, beeing more dynamic to work with. A classical model can however be adopted with use of functions and use of the 'new' keyword. Here the lack of private variables can be worked around by the use of a technique called 'closure'.

The major difference however is that programs written in JS to work with the HTML DOM tend to not follow the normal procedural 'step-by-step' executions as conventional programs, where one line of code is being executed at the time. In stead JS tend to follow a Event Loop model, where different parts of the programs are attached to different DOM events. The JS-program will then sleep until a event is fired, then wake up, do its job, then go back to sleep. And so on. All in all making JS a very dynamic and "fun to work with" language.

A compiler and a linker.

Conventional OS aim to give users the ability to run other software that are interactive in nature to perform different tasks. On the other hand, embedded OS only run fixed set of tasks and deliver the expected results in real time.

It's easy: there are no commands in C, but a few statements (such as: expression, if, else, switch, while, do-while, for, break, continue, return and goto), and countless library functions (like printf, malloc and fopen).

A C program is a computer program written using the C programming language.

diagram

#include<iostream>

#include<vector>#include<string>

int main()

{

std::vector<std::string> names;

for (int loop=0; loop!=10;)

{

std::cout << ++loop << " enter a name: ";

std::string name;

std::cin >> name;

names.push_back (name);

}

names.sort();

std::cout << "Sorted names:" << std::endl;

for (auto name : names)

std::cout << name << std::endl;

}

If this is Mathematical, or Physics, Chemistry numericals you are talking about then, 1---> Read the problem. 2---> Identify the question or what has to be found out. 3---> Read the data given in the problem and analyze it. 4---> See if you know any formula/concept that can help you use the data given in the problem. 5---> Apply, solve carefully. Obtain result.

Bubble sort-O(n*n)-in all cases

Insertion sort-O(n*n)-in avg and worst case in best case it is O(logn)

Quick Sort-0(nlogn)-in avg n best case and 0(n*n)-in Worst case

selection sort-same as bubble

Linear search-o(n)

Binary Search-o(nlog)

Any doubt mail me-jain88visionary@rediffmail.com

Use the following function:

/* returns the average of two real numbers */

double average (const double a, const double b) {

return a/2.0 + b/2.0;

}

Note that we do not use (a+b) / 2.0 because the expression a+b could overflow the range of a double. By dividing each value by 2 before summing we ensure the result can never overflow no matter how large a and b are.

Ideally, you should write separate functions to cater for float and long double arguments independently:

/* returns the average of two long doubles */

long double average_lng (const long double a, const long double b) { return a/2.0 + b/2.0;

}

/* returns the average of two floats */

float average_flt (const float a, const float b) {

return a/2.0F + b/2.0F;

}

For mixed-mode arithmetic, always use the highest precision argument. E.g., the average of a float and a double is a double, so use the function that returns a double, not a float. The float argument will be implicitly cast to a double.

In C, you can assign integers multiple characters such that they fit in their size. For e.g.:

int - 4 bytes

char - 1 byte

So an assignment like this is valid:

int a = 'ABCD';

The first byte in a will be assigned the value of 'A', the second - 'B' and so on.

A string literal is a character array constant. It is enclosed in double quotes and assignment can only be made to a char pointer. There is no limit on the size of the literal and it is terminated with a null character. e.g.:

char str[] = "This is a trial";

Answer-

There are various levels of computer programming courses conducted by computer schools. As per your career goals you can do diploma, associate, bachelor or master degree courses in computer programming.

Depends on your language. Assuming java: If you make it an Object[] then it can contain any object

For primitive types you must either make a primitive type array, ie double[], char[] which can contain only those primitives, or creater an Object[] and use primitive wrapper objects ie java.lang.Integer etc.

An array is still an array, regardless of how you pass it into functions. It is still an array-type variable at the beginning of a function. However, the function itself may manipulate the array by "imploding" it into a string with a delimiter, using array values with only specific keys, and such.

the address of variable (pointer) that contains array

It's -1, but in theory could be something else on some exotic platforms, but still negative. See the related links below for further information.

This error message means that somewhere in your program you have used a pointer-varible containing NULL-value. (Within an actual OS it with stop the program immediately, but in MS-DOS it doesn't.)

Compilation is the act of translating high-level programming language code into low-level native machine code. Computers cannot execute high-level programming language code, it must be converted to native machine code first. In C, this is achieved using a compiler that is specific to the machine. However, the compiler only produces object code files. In order to produce a machine code executable, the object files must be linked along with any required library code. This is achieved by another machine-specific program called the linker.

The if/else ladder construction is not better than a switch. However, in some cases one is preferred. Switches for instance usually execute faster since the compiler can optimize such constructions better. This is because the compiler doesn't have to take into account any programmer forced orders of execution.

The if/else ladder is preferred where the conditions to be checked are not fixed.

So, it all depends on the situation.