Capitalism

Under Socialism, the employees control the factories and there is no class system, in theory. Under capitalism, the owners control the factories and acquire wealth much more freely. Well most countries around the world are in favor of capitalism over socialism. In capiatalism store owners benefit. Its mainly those who work hard get their money. For example if you work for so many hours you get paid a certain wage because you earned it. In socialism wealth is spread to everyone. Everyone would be middle class.

frequency, intensity and time

-free market economy and a system based on the principle of individual rights

Yep, since Capitalism is the name of an economic system, so it is a noun which is capitalized in a sentence.

Possibly the need for money to buy food and other items rather than bartering or using credit would have marked the effects of capitalism in rural areas.

Adam Smith

Capitalism is an economic system and doesn't necessarily relate to the political system in a county. It does not determine if there are elections are not. Many countries that are capitalist do have elections though.

Yes, it has happened many times. The last time was between January 2001 and January 2007.

As for positive and negative events that happened, that is a very sensitive subject. People who support the Republican Party tend to view that era favorably; those who do not support them generally don't view it favorably.

Under capitalism, the market is free from state interference.

It’s characteristic of state capitalism, but not of most forms of capitalism.