Central Powers

Italy, sort of. Italy was never technically part of the Central Powers but did switch sides.

When the war started in August 1914, Italy was in a defensive alliance with Austria-Hungary and Germany. Since Austria-Hungary was technically the first country to declare war, Italy said that the defensive alliance was not triggered and said that they did not have to become involved in the new war.

A side factor is that Italy and Austria-Hungary had been fierce enemies for most of the 1800s, and Austria-Hungary still ruled some land that Italy believed was rightfully Italian. So Italy only really agreed to the alliance in order to protect themselves in the event of a war- around 1881, there was a small chance of Italy and France going to war, a war that Italy would have had a hard time winning alone.

So anyway, in late April 1915, the Allies made an offer to Italy- if Italy joined their side, and then the Allies won the war, then Italy would be given the Italian lands that Austria still controlled. Italy agreed to the offer. They officially canceled the old alliance with Austria-Hungary and Germany, and joined the war as part of the Allies.

World War I contributed to the start of the march revolution. WWI limited Russia's resources, which caused factories to not turn out enough supplies. When tsar Nicholass II took action, he left affairs to the tsarists, who listened to Gregory Rasputin. government confidence weakened, and Rasputin killed. Then the tsar stepped down.

Central powers were located between the Russian Empire in the east and France and the UK in the west.

The events that signaled the final defeat of the Central Powers were revolution in Austria-Hungary, the signing of Armistice by Germans to put an end to fighting, the surrender of Ottoman Turks and Bulgarians, and many other events.

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World War 2 destroyed the economy of Europe. The Marshall Plan was setup in order to help rebuild Europe.

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You can't there is no such thing as "free energy".

The Triple Alliance was Germany, Austria-Hungary, and (nominally) Italy. Italy basically didn't do much of anything (except see who was offering the better deal) for about a year, then broke off to join the war on the opposing side.

Measures backed by the Coolidge administration include Immigration Act of 1924, Merchant Marine Act, The Young Plan, and US-Nicaraguan relations. The immigration act reduced the number of Southern and Eastern Europeans entering the US. The Merchant Marine Act encouraged American ship-builders through a federal loan program. The Young Plan refashioned German reparations formula. Relations with Nicaragua preserved stability and American investments in the area.

Many people were opposed to Wilson's 14,points, Americans and other world leaders alike. Some of the reasons they were opposed to it were that they didn't like the League of Nations and the wide ranged idealism of the whole thing.

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Allied naval blockade of German ports were causing hardship to German citizens and hampering Germany's war effort. However, from the various naval battles with the Royal Navy, the Imperial German Navy had learned that it can not defeat the Allied on surface battle. Hence the aims of lifting Allied naval blockade on German ports and crippling the shipping bloodline of British Empire can not be achieved without the use of submarines. However, normal submarine warfare where U-boats have to surface and reveal its presence before searching and attacking is deemed to be too cumbersome, hence the use of unrestricted submarine warfare.

The 4 countries of the Central Powers were Germany, Italy, Austria, and Hungary (but note that at the time, Austria and Hungary were part of what was known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire).

Basically, since the invention and more widespread use of the submarine, there were certain rules of warfare regarding them. Submarines, when they wanted to sink a ship (when it wasn't an obvious military ship), were supposed to pop up out of the water so that the ship could see them; then someone from the submarine was expected to tell the ship that the submarine was going to sink it. The submarine had to give the other ship time to evacuate the crew to lifeboats and get a safe distance away. Once all that was done, the submarine was allowed to sink it.

Obviously, that doesn't work well when you want to get stuff done fast. Germany's navy was far smaller and weaker than Britain's; throw in France's and those of other countries, and Germany was at a considerable disadvantage. Germany needed to be able to hit hard and fast without having to slow down if they wanted to have any chance at defeating the Allied navies.

So unrestricted warfare was basically ignoring those old-fashioned rules. They began sinking ships without warning, meaning crewmen were getting killed, and the whole ship was lost. German subs would sometimes accidentally shoot neutral ships, like those belonging to the US, or shoot ships carrying people from neutral countries (like the British cruise ship, the HMS Lusitania, which had over 100 Americans on board when the Germans sank it).

Germany agreed to stop unrestricted submarine warfare after the Lusitania incident, because they didn't want the US to join the Allies. But in early 1917, they decided that they couldn't keep that up, and had to restart it. This, coupled with their attempt to secretly convince Mexico to declare war on the US, angered the Americans enough that they declared war on Germany in April 1917.

Italy, however, they were never really part of the Central Powers. They were allied with Austria and Germany but did not join their side when the war started. Later on, they joined the Allies because they hoped to take land from Austria that they considered "Italian".

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Serbia was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire and many Serbians were unhappy. That caused WWI which caused the rise of Hitler and WWII and the creation of Israel and all the wars that have happened in the past century. It was a chain reaction pretty much.

The proximate reason for WWI was the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip. Princip assassinated Ferdinand in the hope of liberating Bosnia-Herzegovina from Austria-Hungary and then having Serbia join in a union with Bosnia-Herzegovina so as to escaped domination from the Ottoman Empire.

However, the roots for the 1914 assassination of Ferdinand in Sarajevo were laid from a chain of events that began with the 1875 Bosnian insurrection against Muslim Ottoman Turkey which had conquered Bosnia in the mid 1400s as part of the expansion of the Islamic Caliphate.

Prior to the start of WW1 there'd been 2 Balkan Wars. The 1st Balkan War was fought between the members of the Balkan League; Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro; and the Ottoman Empire as the Muslim Turks considered their Christian subjects as dhimis, 2nd class citizens. The 2nd Balkan War left a bitter legacy between Serbia and Austria.

With the assassination of the Archduke the assassins were counting on a war between Serbia and Austria which would bring in Orthodox Christian Czarist Russia on Serbia's side resulting in a regional war, thus driving out the last remnant of the Muslim Ottoman Caliphate. However, due to interlocking treaties the war evolved into a worldwide conflagration. With Austria declaring war on Serbia and Russia coming to Serbia's aid, Germany as an ally of Austria, and Italy, joined in against Russia. Germany attacked France as France was an ally or Russia. With the attack on France, her ally Great Britain became involved. Finally, due to its aid to Great Britain the Germans attacked US shipping and the USA became involved on Britain's, France's, and Russia's side.

The real roots of the conflict were laid down by the Islamic expansion into most of Europe and the Middle East which resulted in the Crusades to gain back formerly European lands. However, after the Crusades there were European lands still under the Caliphate's rule and intense bickering and wars in Europe over jockeying for supremacy in a revised Holy Roman Empire.

With the enforced and unfair peace on a Germany that was never invaded by the Allies the roots for Hitler and WW II were laid. Due to the unfair peace essential parts of Germany, including German people, were given to other nations. It was Hitler's desire to reunite the German people and to regain German industrial and mining regions that led to WW II.

Bosnia wasn't an independent nation during the First World War, it was owned by Austria-Hungary at the time, the Emperor-King of Austria-Hungary was Franz-Joseph I until his death in 1916 and Charles I from 1916 until the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918.

Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by The black handgroup.