Charles Darwin

Darwin meant that scientists should strive for objectivity and impartiality in their work, free from personal biases and emotions. By maintaining a "mere heart of stone," scientists can focus solely on evidence and reason to reach unbiased conclusions.

He observed and recorded the native wild-life including finches, tortuses, marine and land iguanas.

Surprisingly, Darwin also spent quite a lot of time shooting. He also took quite a lot of giant tortoises back on board the beagle to be used as food during the long return voyage ahead.

Remember that he didn't formulate his thoughts on evolution until much later in life. Whilst he was actually in the Galapagos, he was there as a naturalist. A Victorian British naturalist whose methods nowadays would be considered disruptive and destructive.

That's a reflection on the cultural and scientific norms of the time and not a personal slight on Darwin.

Charles Darwin sailed on the HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Islands from 1831 to 1836.

The Theory of the 42s is a concept stemming from Douglas Adams' "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" series where the number 42 is given as the "Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything." It humorously implies that the answer is not as important as understanding the question itself.

Charles Darwin observed a wide variety of plant and animal species during his travels, noting how they adapted to their environments over time. This observation led to his theory of evolution by natural selection, which revolutionized our understanding of how species evolve.

For animals to respond to their environment means that they adjust their behavior, physiology, or morphology based on external factors such as food availability, temperature, predators, or other environmental conditions. This ability to respond allows them to adapt and survive in their surroundings.

Darwin proposed that species on the Galapagos Islands had evolved from a common ancestor found on the South American mainland. He observed variations in species on the islands that were adaptations to different environments, leading to the formation of new species over time through natural selection and isolation.

different finch populations that appeared closely related

Charles Darwin, while on the Galapagos Islands, studied finches and their beak structure as their ability to eat fruits, nuts and bugs.

For the same reason that people aren't sent to jail simply because they are accused of a crime. A scientist who makes a claim, like a prosecutor, must present EVIDENCE of that claim before the claim can be accepted. Until the evidence is presented and properly examined, the idea must remain a hypothesis.

There have been too many claims put forth by scientists that were later shown to be utterly false. Unfortunately, society has a way of remembering the initial claim but forgetting the later refutation. That's why scientists are VERY reluctant to accept a new hypothesis before it has passed rigorous examination.

When it DOES pass the empirical tests, however, the scientist is often richly rewarded.

Yes, the Copernican theory proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century was correct. It stated that the Earth revolves around the Sun, countering the previous geocentric model. This heliocentric theory laid the foundation for modern astronomy.

Charles Darwin arrived in the Galapagos Islands on the 15th September 1835, and the first place he visited was San Cristobal island. On the 24th September, the Beagle moved on to Floreana. H.M.S. Beagle spent five weeks in the Galapagos Islands, also visiting Isabela Island, Santiago & Pinta.

No real doubts. He was very careful to anticipate all the possible objections people would have and solved them in advance. He was pretty secure in his ideas by the time he was done but it took many years for it to reach it's final form.

Apparently Darwin was aware of many gaps in the fossil record (missing links) but wrongly assumed they would be filled as many more fossils were discovered so he went on to publish his theory. He thus did not actually 'solve anything in advance'. He actually knew their was a specific lack of evidence in the fossil record in his day but went ahead and published anyway. However, the millions of transitional forms that would exist if Darwin was right have still not been found. Thus he had no real doubts it seems but he certainly made a wrong assumption regarding the 'missing links', probably because he was certain his theory was correct. Actually, the 'missing links' are still missing and Darwin's assumption was not correct. The evidence is largely missing in terms of what one would expect in the fossil record were his theory correct.

Concerning his work Darwin himself had this to say: "You will be greatly disappointed (by the forthcoming book); it will be grievously too hypothetical. It will very likely be of no other service than collocating some facts; though I myself think I see my way approximately on the origin of the species. But, alas, how frequent, how almost universal it is in an author to persuade himself of the truth of his own dogmas."

Charles Darwin, 1858 in a letter to a colleague regarding the concluding chapters of his Origin of Species. As quoted in 'John Lofton's Journal', The Washington Times, 8 February 1984. "For I am well aware that scarcely a single point is discussed in this volume on which facts cannot be adduced, often apparently leading to conclusions directly opposite to those at which I have arrived. A fair result can be obtained only by fully stating and balancing the facts and arguments on both sides of each question; and this is here impossible.' Charles Darwin, 1859, Introduction to Origin of Species, p.2 ibid.

On his travels he found that many species of animals were similar, but different even though they were not in the same environment. I suggest you read On the Origin of Species or pick up a good book on Darwin. There are also books specifically about his time on the Beagle.

Geologists supported Darwin's ideas by helping him understand the concept of gradual change over long periods of time. The study of rock layers and fossils provided evidence for the slow evolution of species, which aligned with Darwin's theory of natural selection. Additionally, geologists helped Darwin appreciate the vast age of the Earth, allowing for enough time for evolution to occur.

Survival and reproduction are non-random, with individuals possessing advantageous traits tending to survive and reproduce at higher rates. This leads to the accumulation of beneficial traits in a population over generations.

Individuals within a population have differences.

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution through natural selection. This theory suggests that species evolve over time through the process of genetic variation, natural selection, and adaptation to their environment. Darwin's work revolutionized the understanding of the diversity of life on Earth.

Three major strengths of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection include its ability to explain the diversity of life on Earth through common ancestry, the adaptability of species to changing environments, and the predictive power of the theory in guiding scientific research and discoveries.

C. There is differential rep.

The concept of "survival of the fittest" is supported by the theory of evolution by natural selection proposed by Charles Darwin. It suggests that individuals with advantageous traits that help them survive and reproduce in their environment are more likely to pass on those traits to their offspring. Over time, this process can lead to the gradual change and adaptation of species to their surroundings.

The theory of natural selection was proposed by Charles Darwin in his book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859. The phrase "survival of the fittest" was coined by Herbert Spencer and not by Darwin himself.

A common misconception is that Darwin proposed four main ideas, commonly referred to as the 4 main postulates of Darwinian evolution. However, Darwin did not explicitly outline four specific ideas in his work. Instead, his theory of evolution by natural selection encompasses multiple concepts such as variation, competition, adaptation, and descent with modification.

Yes, one can oppose the theory of evolution without opposing the scientific method. The scientific method involves forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions based on empirical evidence. If someone believes that the theory of evolution does not have sufficient evidence to support it, they may oppose it while still respecting the scientific method.