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Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering is a profession of designing and executing structural works that serve the general public, like houses, buildings, roads, etc. A Civil Engineer is an engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges or dams, and other large facilities.
4,921 Questions
How do you convert CBR value into Bearing capacity kNm2?
Taken from a NASA paper (2010 ASCE Earth & Space, Robotic Lunar Geotechnical Tool);
Bearing pressure (kN/m2) = 26.16CBR0.664
NOTE: this is only an approximation as there is no real direct correlation between bearing pressure and CBR
When is a truss called a rigid truss?
a truss is said to be rigid when there is no relative motion of any point on any member of the truss with respect to any other point on any other member of the truss. in other words, a truss is said to be rigid when the distances between any two points on the truss remain constant at all times.
What are the pros and cons on reinforced concrete?
The main advantage to reinforced concrete is that it has a "inherent structural strength. The disadvantage would be in certain climates where it is cold as the heat is able to leave the structure.
What is the Test Procedure to Determine Compressive strength of Hollow Blocks?
Testing the compressive strength of hollow blocks typically follows a standard procedure to ensure accurate and reliable results. Here's a general outline of the test procedure:
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**Sample Preparation:**
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Select representative samples of hollow blocks from the production batch.
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Ensure the samples are free from defects and have been cured appropriately.
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**Conditioning:**
- If the blocks are not already at room temperature, allow them to acclimate to the testing environment.
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**Equipment Setup:**
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Set up the compression testing machine according to standards or specifications.
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Ensure the machine is calibrated and in good working condition.
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**Sample Identification:**
- Mark each sample with a unique identifier for accurate tracking of results.
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**Moisture Content Check (if applicable):**
- Determine and record the moisture content of the samples, especially if it can affect the compressive strength.
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**Testing Procedure:**
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Place the hollow block specimen on the compression testing machine.
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Align the specimen so that the load is applied evenly on the blocks.
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Gradually apply a compressive load at a uniform rate until failure occurs.
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Record the maximum load at failure and note any signs of distress in the specimen.
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**Calculation of Compressive Strength:**
- Calculate the compressive strength using the formula: Compressive Strength = Maximum Load / Cross-sectional Area of the Block.
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**Reporting:**
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Document all relevant information, including sample identification, moisture content, and compressive strength values.
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Prepare a test report with details of the testing procedure, equipment used, and results obtained.
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**Quality Control:**
- Compare the results with specified standards or requirements to ensure the hollow blocks meet the desired compressive strength.
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**Data Analysis:**
- Analyze the data for any trends, variations, or anomalies that may indicate issues with the production process.
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**Documentation and Archiving:**
- Keep a record of the test results and associated documentation for future reference or quality control purposes.
It's crucial to follow specific standards or guidelines relevant to the type of hollow blocks being tested, as procedures may vary based on factors such as block dimensions, material composition, and testing conditions. Always adhere to industry standards or applicable building codes for accurate and meaningful results.
What kind of building rests on a foundation?
Foundation is the underground or the substructure part of a building that transmits the load of the super structure to the ground safely.
it is the lower part of building on which the whole structure rests.
it may be made up of stone masonary, PCC or RCC.
depending the width to depth ratio it may be a shallow foundation or a deep foundation. shallow foundations are used for smaller structures and shallow foundations are used for multistoried buildings where the load carried by soil is more.
Importance of Engineering geology and civil engineering?
engineering jeology is backbone of civil engineering .and engineering geologist is man role in civil engineering .that he provide the information for the civil engineering and his works such as construction of building road structure and so on and provide the bearing capacati of earth.
How do you calculate the moment of a force?
moments are defined as r x f. if you have member [x,y,z] and force [u,v,w] being applied to the end of it you take the cross product, [w*y-v*z,U*z-w*x,v*x-u*y]. if the member and force are perpendicular just multiply them and if it creates a clockwise rotation it is negative.
An aqueduct was a water pipe and the Romans used ceramic for the pipes. The ceramic kilns of the tenth legion have been found in present day Israel along with their aqueduct building equipment. Do not be mislead by the external supports of the water pipe. They were at times arches in more than one tier or layer, and they were generally made of stone and concrete. However, they were only supports for the water pipe, no matter how striking they may appear. Remember too, that most Roman aqueducts were underground and they were constructed of ceramic piping.
Where should be a construction joint provided in slab and beam?
Construction joints should be provided in slabs and beams at locations where it is necessary to stop pouring concrete temporarily and resume later. These joints are typically located at points of minimum shear and bending moment to ensure the structural integrity of the slab or beam. They should be planned keeping in mind the structural design and construction sequence to avoid any stress concentrations or discontinuities. Additionally, joints should be properly sealed and reinforced to ensure durability and prevent any further movement or cracking.
What is the design life of steel structures?
The design life of steel structures can vary depending on factors such as the quality of material used, level of maintenance, and exposure to environmental conditions. Generally, steel structures are designed to have a service life of around 50-100 years. However, with proper maintenance and periodic inspections, the lifespan can be extended beyond this range.
How many number of 10mm bar at 10mm spacing in 1Sqm?
Assuming the 10mm bars are arranged in a perfect square pattern, the number of bars at 10mm spacing in 1 square meter would be 1000 bars. This is calculated by dividing the total area (1000 square centimeters) by the area taken up by each bar (1 square centimeter).
Who can earn more a dentist or a civil engineer?
Dentist for sure...In Civil engg, to earn be a constructor manager or planner, else be a dentist ...they have heaps of money.
Model question papers in first semester construction engineering and management in Anna university?
i want M.sc., chemistry 2nd year modle question papers
What is the difference between a BS in civil engineering and an AS in civil engineering?
The BS is a bachelors of science degree (four year program of study), and the AS is an associates in science (a two year program of study). At the associate level, there is the AS degree which leads to the professional BS degree, and the Associates of Applied science (AAS). The technology degree is more of a hands on program of study.
Which is the best college for civil engineering?
There are annual polls published each year by various organizations. Although top numbers tend to change from year to year, high rankers are consistently MIT, Standford, Georgia Tech, University of California, and Purdue. US News publishes a comprehensive list.
The Glocal University is one of the best mechanical engineering college in India.
How do you build a tunnel in water?
There are several ways to build tunnels underwater.
One way is to build sections of tubes in advance, float them into position using tugboats, sink them, have divers go down and seal the sections together, and then pump the water out.
A more traditional way is to dig a tunnel far enough below the sea bottom that the rock over them keeps out the water. It's kind of like digging a mine,
If the rock or soil isn't able to keep out all the water while the tunnel is being dug, sometimes it's possible to pump compressed air into the tunnel, so the pressure inside the tunnel is greater than the water pressure outside, and have workers seal the inside of the tunnel with a concrete or steel lining.
Source(s):The wikipedia entry at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel doesn't address underwater tunnelling much, but the entry at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnelling_… has some relevant information about how tunnels are kept from collapsing until they can be reinforcedDepends on type of cement , but it is a Minimum of 35MPa at 28 days
What is purpose of soling in civil engineering structures?
The main pupose of Soling is to consolidate the layer for purpose of laying foundation. It consists of digging the earth to a required depth and laying the crushed stone quarries one adjacent to another and filling the gaps with the sand. After laying for the entire area, consolidating with the Heavy Rollers or by ramming is done. Over this either a pier or regular foundation is carried out.
What is the minimum percentage of steel required in R.C.C.?
Percentage of steel in RCC is about 1-2%.
How you convert cylinder strength of concrete to cube strength?
fc'=0.785 fck
fck=1.273 fc'
fc'=strength of cylinder
fck=strength of cube
Why speed control of DC shunt motor is necessary?
The total voltage of the batteries or DC power source connected to a shunt motor affects how first it moves. Increasing the DC voltage will make the shunt motor run faster.
Why rate analysis is important in civil engineering?
In order to determine the rate of a particular item, the factors affecting the rate of that item are studied carefully and then finally a rate is decided for that item. This process of determining the rates of an item is termed as analysis of rates or analysis.
The rate of particular item of work depends on the following:
1. specification of works and material about their quality, proportion and constructional operation method.
2. Quantity of materials and their costs.
3. Cost of labours and their wages.
4. Location of site of work and the distances from source and conveyance charges.
5. Overhead and establishment charges
6. Profit
Cost of materials at source and at site of Construction:
The costs of materials are taken as delivered at site inclusive of the transport local taxes and other charges.
Purpose of Analysis of rates:
Purpose of Analysis of rates:
1. To work out the actual cost of per unit of the items.
2. To work out the economical use of materials and processes in completing the particulars item.
3. To work out the cost of extra items which are not provided in the contract bond, but are to be done as per the directions of the department.
4. To revise the schedule of rates due to increase in the cost of material and labour or due to change in technique.
Cost of labour -types of labour, standard schedule of rates:
The labour can be classified in to
1) Skilled - 1st class
2) Skilled - 2d Class
3) Unskilled
The labour charges can be obtained from the standard schedule of rates 30% of the skilled labour provided in the data may be taken as Ist class, remaining 70% as II class. The rates of materials for Government works are fixed by the superintendent Engineer for his circle every year and approved by the Board of Chief Engineers. These rates are incorporated in the standard schedule of rates.
Lead statement: The distance between the source of availability of material and construction site is known as "Lead " and is expected in Km. The cost of conveyance of material depends on lead.
This statement will give the total cost of materials per unit item. It includes first cost, conveyance loading, unloading stacking, charges etc.
The rate shown in the lead statement are for metalled road and include loading and staking charges. The environment lead on the metalled roads are arrived by multiplying by a factor.
by,
Manoj Kumar,
Business Development
Rebus Business solutions LLC - Project Management Training & Consultant
