Cold and Flu

because of the extreme coolness,when you face is exposed to the snow your entire face becomes pink this is because of the shortage of blood .i.e when you do not put some thing warm in your face like monky cap,the blood freezes and it will be difficult for blod to circulate to all parts of the body.

i am studying in class six.

A latent virus remains dormant in the host cell without actively reproducing. When triggered by certain factors, such as stress or a weakened immune system, the virus can reactivate and begin replicating in the host cell to produce new viral particles.

To find defenses against a eukaryotic microorganism is difficult because we are eukaryotic organisms and any attack on the cell of the microorganism can be an attack against our own cells. This requires a subtle approach.

Viruses have no metabolism, are not really living and do not reproduce without a host. So, they leave little open to attack in their simplicity.

Enveloped viruses are typically released from the host cell by budding, where the virus takes a portion of the host cell membrane as its envelope. This process does not usually cause cell lysis. Instead, the newly formed virus particles are released gradually from the cell.

The influenza virus doesn't always cause recurrent infections. There are many different strains of the flu and there are two types, which are Type A ad Type B. The flu is a virus that has to run its course.

RNA genome of influenza virus is segmented in to 7 pieces. It has the unique property of undergoing two types of genetic variation ie antigenic drift and antigenic shift. In antigenic drift the antigenic variations are minor where genetic recombination take place between strains of two similar species whereas in antigenic shift the recombination take place between strains of dissimilar species leading to major antigenic variations and hence seasonal epidemics.

The Great Influenza Epidemic, also known as the Spanish Flu, was a deadly global pandemic that occurred in 1918-1919. It infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide and resulted in the deaths of approximately 50 million individuals.

The influenza virus binds to its host cells through a carbohydrate molecule called sialic acid, which is present on the surface of the host cell receptors. The virus recognizes and binds to this sialic acid molecule to initiate the infection process.

Theoretically it is possible to get antibodies from the serum of recovered patient of H1N1. But it will be available in very less quantity. Second question is to whom you will give these antibodies. Thirdly the protection will not be lasting. As this is passive immunity.

hemaglutinin and neuraminidase, two surface glycoproteins of influenza that contribute the the virulence of the disease...

Schistosomiasis is a major parasitic disease (also known as Bilharzia and snail fever) infecting humans and domestic livestock, and caused by several species of flatworms in the genusSchistosoma. Snails serve as the intermediary agent between mammalian hosts. Individuals within developing countries who cannot afford proper sanitation facilities are often exposed to contaminated water containing the infected snails.

One example of a virus that doesn't immediately affect a host cell's function is the herpesvirus. After initially infecting cells, herpesvirus can remain dormant in the host's body for years without causing symptoms. It can later reactivate and cause disease.

During the lysogenic cycle, the virus inserts its genetic material into the host cell's genome and remains dormant. The host cell continues to replicate normally, passing the viral genetic material onto its daughter cells. When conditions are favorable, the lysogenic cycle can transition into the lytic cycle, where the virus becomes active and starts to replicate, eventually causing the host cell to burst and release new viral particles.

Food poisoning can be caused by either bacteria, such as Salmonella or E. coli, or viruses, such as norovirus or hepatitis A. Both can contaminate food during preparation, processing, or handling, leading to illness when consumed. Symptoms of food poisoning typically include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

The common cold is caused by many different viruses that mutate rapidly, making it challenging for humans to develop a specific resistance. Additionally, the symptoms of the common cold are not severe enough to exert strong evolutionary pressure for resistance to develop.

They are rapidly spreading, easily transmitted from human to human, have the ability to mutate rapidly, and they usually spread in several waves before they die out.

Influenza is a viral disease that encompasses many different strains of the influenza virus. Each strain can cause flu-like symptoms, and they are constantly changing and evolving, necessitating yearly flu vaccines to protect against the most prevalent strains.

Viral reproduction. See more in the related questions below.

Haemophilus influenzae is typically found in pairs or chains, rather than clusters. It is a small, gram-negative bacterium that requires factor X (hematin) and factor V (NAD or NADP) for growth.

Bronchitis can be caused by either a viral or bacterial infection, with viral infections being more common. Viral bronchitis typically resolves on its own with rest and symptom management. Bacterial bronchitis may require antibiotics for treatment.

No, Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative bacterium that does not produce endospores. Endospores are a unique survival structure produced by some species of bacteria, such as Bacillus and Clostridium.

H1N1 refers to a subtype of the influenza virus, not a bacteria. Influenza viruses can cause respiratory illness in humans and animals. It is important to note that viruses and bacteria are different types of microorganisms that can cause different types of infections.

Haemophilus influenza is a bacteria that can cause infections in humans, particularly in the respiratory tract, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and ear infections. It is especially known to cause invasive diseases in young children and those with compromised immune systems.