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Cold and Flu

Questions and answers about the "Common Cold"; symptoms in the upper respiratory tract like sneezing, scratchy throat, and runny nose, but adults don't typically have fevers. Colds are usually caused by the rhinovirus (up to 40% of colds), or Coronaviruses (about 20%), but there are more than 200 viruses that can cause the common cold. Also questions about the seasonal flu, also called "regular flu", caused mostly by Type A and Type B Influenza viruses. Flu starts with similar symptoms as a cold only it hits faster and harder and usually includes fever in adults. Although the "stomach flu" is a common term, it is not a real diagnosis. The proper medical term for stomach flu is gastroenteritis (an intestinal disease, sometimes viral but also bacterial), it is often mistaken for influenza because the flu can sometimes include vomiting and diarrhea.

4,331 Questions

Why is it not easy to find a cure for the common cold?

There are several reasons for the lack of a cure for the common cold. First, the common cold is caused by a group of viruses called rhinoviruses. These viruses mutate rapidly, causing great difficulty in developing an effective therapy for them. Second, the infection itself is typically self-limiting - a health adult will get over the infection within a few days to a week.

Can you get sick from going outside barefoot in the cold?

Yes.

First of all, you can keep your body warm even if your feet are bare. The body is most concerned with keeping its core warm -head & upper body. That's where all your vital organs are. So if your temperature starts dropping there, the blood supply to your extremeties is restricted to conserve heat -you'll get cold feet & fingers. 'See, you should wear shoes!' people will say. But if you put on a heavy jacket, and cover your head, your body will have plenty of heat. So the circulation keeps going strong, and the blood serves as a sort of central heating system, keeping your feet warm while your actual body/core temperature does *not* drop.

It is this *core* temperature that is important in whether you'll be more susceptible to colds or not. I originally had this listed further down & in far less detail, however recently (fall 2005) some research was published that I feel I need to mention. The researchers chilled test subjects by immersing their feet in cold water, but measured their body temperature at the tip of their noses. When their *body* temperature had dropped, they were more likely to catch a cold.

Does antibacterial gel work on Swine Flu?

If the swine flu is on a surface it will kill most of it. That's really the only application. It is not appropriate to clean your skin with the wipes. Your skin will absorb the chemicals and it is possible to build up a toxic level in your body.

If you are allergic to eggs can you get a flu vaccination?

Update June 20, 2013:

The CDC has issued the following media advisory:

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted today, 13 to 0, in favor of recommending FluBlok during the 2013-2014 influenza seasons for vaccination of persons 18 through 49 years of age with egg allergy of any severity. FluBlok was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in January 2013. Unlike current production methods for other available seasonal influenza vaccines, FluBlok does not use the influenza virus or chicken eggs in its manufacturing process.

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Most of the vaccines in the flu vaccinations contain tiny/trace amounts of egg or chicken protein. An egg allergy is a contraindication (i.e., don't use) for these vaccines according to the manufacturers' original package information.

However, at least 17 recent studies determined that in some cases this does not need to prevent a flu vaccination with an inactivated vaccine (i.e., you can not use the nasal "live" vaccines) unless you have a severe egg allergy, and those are rare. You should check with your allergy specialist to find out if you are one who could get the flu shot even though you have the egg allergy. The allergist may want to administer the vaccine in the office so observation for signs of allergic response can be provided.

According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) new guidelines for administering flu vaccines to patients with allergies to eggs have been published. The CDC has quite a bit of information about this topic on their web pages. The link to this information is provided below in the Related Links section. Here is an excerpt from that publication:

Recommendations Regarding Persons with Egg Allergy

Each of the following recommendations applies when considering influenza vaccination of persons who have or report a history of egg allergy.

1. Persons who have experienced only hives following exposure to egg should receive influenza vaccine with the following additional measures: [see the link to the article below for more on those additional measures- Figure 2].

a) Because studies published to date involved use of TIV, TIV rather than LAIV should be used. [TIV = Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine (vaccines made with "dead" viruses), LAIV = Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (vaccines made with live but weakened viruses]

b) Vaccine should be administered by a health-care provider who is familiar with the potential manifestations of egg allergy.

c) Vaccine recipients should be observed for at least 30 minutes for signs of a reaction following administration of each vaccine dose.

Other measures, such as dividing and administering the vaccine by a two-step approach and skin testing with vaccine, are not necessary.

2. Persons who report having had reactions to egg involving angioedema, respiratory distress, lightheadedness, or recurrent emesis, or persons who required epinephrine or other emergency medical intervention, particularly those that occurred immediately or within minutes to hours after egg exposure are more likely to have a serious systemic or anaphylactic reaction upon reexposure to egg proteins. Before receipt of vaccine, such persons should be referred to a physician with expertise in the management of allergic conditions for further risk assessment (Figure 2-see full article).

3. All vaccines should be administered in settings in which personnel and equipment for rapid recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis are available. ACIP recommends that all vaccination providers be familiar with the office emergency plan. [ACIP=Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (CDC)]

4. Some persons who report allergy to egg might not be egg allergic. Those who are able to eat lightly cooked egg (e.g., scrambled eggs) without reaction are unlikely to be allergic. Conversely, egg-allergic persons might tolerate egg in baked products (e.g., bread or cake); tolerance to egg-containing foods does not exclude the possibility of egg allergy. Egg allergy can be confirmed by a consistent medical history of adverse reactions to eggs and egg-containing foods, plus skin and/or blood testing for immunoglobulin E antibodies to egg proteins.

5. A previous severe allergic reaction to influenza vaccine, regardless of the component suspected to be responsible for the reaction, is a contraindication to receipt of influenza vaccine.

There is no added sulfur in the flu vaccines approved for the 2011-2012 flu season in the US. But it is usually the protein from the egg itself that causes allergy to eggs, not the sulfur. And it is possible that some of the protein allergens might come from the eggs used in the process of growing the viruses for the vaccines, although there are only trace amounts. See the list of ingredients of the approved vaccines below.

The ingredients in these six US FDA approved 2011-2012 flu vaccines are:

Afluria from CSL Limited:

Beta-Propiolactone, Calcium Chloride, Neomycin, Ovalbumin, Polymyxin B, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Phosphate, Sodium Phosphate, Sodium Taurodeoxychoalate.

Fluvarix from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals:

Egg Albumin (Ovalbumin), Egg Protein, Formaldehyde or Formalin (to inactivate the virus), Gentamicin, Hydrocortisone, Octoxynol-10, á-Tocopheryl Hydrogen Succinate, Polysorbate 80 (an adjuvant), Sodium Deoxycholate, Sodium Phosphate, Thimerosal*

FluLaval from ID Biomedical Corporation:

Egg Albumin (Ovalbumin), Egg Protein, Formaldehyde or Formalin, Sodium Deoxycholate, Phosphate Buffers, Thimerosal

Fluvirin from Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Limited:

Beta-Propiolactone , Egg Protein, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Polyoxyethylene 9-10 Nonyl Phenol (Triton N-101, Octoxynol 9), Thimerosal (in the multidose containers), Thimerosal* (much smaller amounts in the single-dose syringes)

Fluzone, Fluzone High-Dose, Fluzone Intradermalfrom Sanofi Pateur, Inc.:

Egg Protein, Formaldehyde or Formalin, Gelatin, Octoxinol-9 (Triton X-100), Thimerosal (only in multidose containers)

FluMist (nasal spray) from MedImmune Vaccines, Inc.:

Chick Kidney Cells, Egg Protein, Gentamicin Sulfate, Monosodium Glutamate,Sucrose Phosphate Glutamate Buffer

*Where "thimerosal" is marked with an asterisk (*) above, it indicates that the product should be considered equivalent to thimerosal-free products. This vaccine may contain trace amounts (<0.3 mcg) of mercury left after post-production thimerosal removal, but these amounts have no biological effect. JAMA 1999;282(18) and JAMA 2000;283(16)

See the related links below in the related links section for more information.

Should you be on Tamiflu if your child has H1N1?

No. Tamiflu is only for those with the Swine Flu. Taking it as a preventative could cause mutation of the virus....making it immune to Tamiflu. If you start to have flu-like symptoms, I recommend you go see your physician.

What is the incubation period of the stomach flu virus?

stomach flu is nothing but the gastroenteritis.it is gastric irritation caused due to various factors.

factors causing stomach flu

  • it is caused due to virus,bacteria,protozoa,lactic irritation.,e.t.c.
  • mainly it was well known as stomach flu in case of irritation due to virus.
  • types of virus causing stomach flu are
  • 1.rotavirus
  • 2.adenovirus
  • 3.calicivirus
  • 4.astrovirus
When a person becomes infected with stomach virus, the virus begins to multiply within the small intestine. After approximately 1 to 2 days, depending on the virus, stomach flu symptoms can appear. This period between the stomach flu transmission and the start of symptoms is the "stomach flu incubation period." In some cases, the stomach flu incubation period can be as short as 4 hours. Is a Person Contagious During the Stomach Flu Incubation Period?

Whether or not a person is contagious during the stomach flu incubation period will depend on which stomach flu virus the person is infected with. For example, with a rotavirus infection, the person is contagious during the stomach flu incubation period. This person is also contagious while experiencing stomach flu symptoms . Once the diarrhea has ended, a person with rota virus gastro enteritis is no longer contagious.

In the case of a norovirus infection (including Norwalk virus), a person is not usually contagious during the stomach flu incubation period. People infected with norovirus gastroenteritis are usually contagious from the moment they begin feeling ill to at least 3 days after recovery. Some people may be contagious for as long as 2 weeks after recovery

Can I get Shingles and flu shot at same time?

Because of the wonder and "magic" of our bodies and immune systems. You can't choose when you have an infection, and it isn't uncommon to be exposed to more than one type of organism at the same time in the environment. Animals' bodies had to develop to be able to deal with multiple infectious agents at the same time. Because of this, for many types of organisms, the vaccines that are made with multiple inactivated or weakened organisms don't cause a problem for our bodies to respond to each organism with antibodies for both, the same as the body does when exposed to multiple pathogens in the wild.

According to the manufacturer of Zostavax, herpes zoster (shingles) vaccine:

In a double-blind, controlled substudy, 374 adults in the US, 60 years of age and older (median age = 66 years), were randomized to receive trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) and ZOSTAVAX

concurrently (N=188), or TIV alone followed 4 weeks later by ZOSTAVAX alone (N=186). The antibody responses to both vaccines at 4 weeks post vaccination were similar in both groups.

This may be different depending on the vaccine and organisms involved, however. So rely on your doctor or clinician to determine if there is a drug interaction that might prevent concurrent vaccination with different vaccines.

Is a runny nose a symptom of the swine flu?

It can be a serious sign in children with the swine flu. The symptoms of swine flu are similar to the standard seasonal flu symptoms:

  1. Coughing
  2. Headaches
  3. Body Aches
  4. Vomiting
  5. Diarrhea
  6. Sneezing
  7. Runny Nose
  8. Fever

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, if you have symptoms of the flu, you should seek medical attention for emergency care if you experience any of the following warning signs:

In children emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:

* Fever with a rash

* Fast breathing or trouble breathing

* Bluish skin color

* Not drinking enough fluids

* Not waking up or not interacting

* Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held

* Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough

In adults, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:

* Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

* Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen

* Sudden dizziness

* Confusion

* Severe or persistent vomiting"

If you think you have the swine flu and, especially if you also live in an area where 2009 swine flu has been confirmed, you should seek medical attention. For the anti-viral medications that could lessen or stop your symptoms more quickly to be effective, they must be given within two days of the first symptoms.

Anecdotal account from a contributor:

I started to feel ill with flu 7 days ago. The day after this I had to go abroad for 4 days, and when I got home was told 3 of my close workmates have been diagnosed with swine flu. I cannot get tested as I cannot get to surgery, but it almost certainly is swine flu. Symptoms are dizziness, aching bones especially back and base of skull, sore throat, headaches, bad cough runny nose, eyes etc. Today I developed a rash on my lower legs - red raised spots which look a little like blisters. I have never seen anything like this before. I am 51 years old.

Does wet hair cause a cold in the cold weather?

No. Neither does feeling cold in cold weather, or going outside for a brief time without a jacket in colder weather. Colds are caused by viruses.

For lowered body temperatures to affect the immune system as some people believe, you would have to be experiencing hypothermia which is caused by long term exposure to extreme weather or cold water that reduces your core body temperature to below 95 F.

Is a common cold caused by a virus or bacteria?

Colds is a virus type.

fungus - atheletes foot

virus - flu and colds

bacteria - sore throats, various infections

The common cold is most often caused by infection with one of the 99 known serotypes of rhinovirus, a type of picornavirus. Around 30-50% of colds are caused by rhinoviruses.Other viruses causing colds are coronavirus (causing 10-15%), human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, or metapneumovirus. 5-15% are caused by influenza viruses. In total over 200 serologically different viral types cause colds. Coronaviruses are particularly implicated in adult colds. Of over 30 coronaviruses, 3 or 4 cause infections in humans, but they are difficult to grow in the laboratory and their significance is thus less well-understood. Due to the many different types of viruses and their tendency for continuous mutation, it is impossible to gain complete immunity to the common cold.

Why is it when you have a fever you feel so cold?

Feeling Cold All The Time The tendency to feel cold is indicative of circulatory problems and issues, as it is blood flow which causes us to have a sensation of warmth. A perfectly healthy individual can feel cold all the time if they live with "hot" people who over air condition their environment or if they frequent public establishments that are run by "hot" people who tend to over air condition their environment--or is it just me? Here are more opinions and answers from other WikiAnswers Contributors: LOW THYROID FUNCTION. Try drenamin and go check out this web site www.gohealthgirl.com. She had that problem, her diet helps you to regain circulation. You could be anemic. One possibility is hypothyroidism , in which levels of thyroid hormone are below normal. There are many causes of feeling cold all the time. This could be from anemia or a thyroid disorder or circulatory problems related to diabetes, high cholesterol or many various other disorders. You should see your family doctor for a routine check up and labwork to know for sure! I know another answer, although insignificant, apparently, not getting enough affection, can make you cold. I read it in my textbook because I'm studying childcare and they did tests and all that. Some people don't have enough muscle mass or the insulating fat layer which helps keep most people warm. The muscles help warm the body, while the fat layer helps keep the heat where it belongs. There is also a possibility or hormone imbalance. Raynaud's Disease. Do a search for that, you will find good information about this condition. It is bad circulation in your feet, fingers and nose. Your body temperature is always lower than most people. You will be surrounded by people who love "air conditioning", yet the heater is your best friend. I hate the winter, because it is so hard to stay warm, without melting co-workers or my husband. LOL. Good luck. No treatment is found for this, my research has shown it to be annoying more than a health issue. One reason people feel Cold, in hands and feet, can be due to dips in blood pressure. This is acctually fairly common as it is caused by not drinking enough water. Drink more water and see if it helps. The drops in blood pressure also can cause 'black outs', fainting or dizzy spells...

Is the flu RNA or DNA?

The vast majority of common cold viruses, primarily rhinoviruses and coronaviruses, are single-strand RNA viruses.

Does coughing damage your lungs?

when coughing you damage the air sacs in your lungs reducing their surface area, but this if for when people cough constantly from smoking or something else

What are the symptoms of the influenza disease?

The common cold is generally centered in the nose. The effects are generally: * Mucus buildup in your nose * Difficulty breathing through your nose * Swelling of your sinuses * Sneezing * Sore throat * Cough * Headache

How soon after being diagnosed with flu can a flu shot be given?

The 'flu shot' - is not a treatment - it's a inoculation. It's designed to 'kick-start' a person's immune system just in case they contract the flu virus. It's not designed to treat the flu once the patient already has it. You're supposed to get inoculated at a time before the flu 'season' starts - so your body's immune system is 'primed'.

How long will the side effects of the H1N1 vaccine last?

Once you are fully vaccinated (for some ages and people it takes more than one administration of the vaccine), you will be protected against having the Swine Flu (A-H1N1/09 Virus) for life. If, however, the virus mutates to a very different strain, it is possible that it could change to one from which your immunity may no longer protect.

The vaccine for this virus has proven to be a very good match to the virus still found in the wild and, although originally thought it might require us to have two vaccinations for full protection, only one has been needed in adults due to the good match. Children under 10 need a second vaccination for the flu for full protection due to their immature immune systems.

You can also have lifetime immunity (to this specific subtype/strain) from having had an infection by the virus.

Does hand sanitizer kill influenza?

Yes, it inactivates the virus to render it harmless. The alcohol will denature ("dissolve") the proteins in the viral envelope (coating/capsid) making it unable to bind to its host cell so that it can live and replicate. It also will damage the proteins on the capsid to allow the viral contents to leak out and disable the virus.

Note:

Technically, you do not kill viruses since they are non-living organisms, but inactivating is essentially the same as killing.

Why is it taking so long to recover from the flu?

Influenza is a viral infection that affects the human immune system and there is no cure It takes a few weeks to recover from this virus until it mutates itself with time.

Can you get an ear infection from the flu?

Mild and minor infections may not prevent your getting a vaccination; however, if you have a fever, then you should postpone until the fever is gone. Tell the clinician before the flu vaccination that you recently had or still have the infection, but that you have no fever (they will ask).

What is the treatment for gonorrhea in your throat?

Till to day only two bateria were known to cause acute pharyngitis. Beta hemolyticas streptococci and another is Diphtheria bacillus. This generation of doctor on the verge of retirement has not seen the diphtheria bacillus. But now new bactria has come forward as a cause of pharyngitis. That is gonnococci. Injection ceftriaxone 1 gram IV as a single dose will cure the condition. It has very long half life of 10 to 12 hours. And post antibacterial effect last for 24 hours. Now gonococci are almost universally resistant to injection Procaine Penicillin.

Can animals get the flu?

There are reports of cats getting the swine flu from their sick owners during the H1N1/09 pandemic. Since kittens, like human children, are more susceptible to infectious disease until their immune systems fully mature, it is likely that kittens can get at least some types of influenza from owners too.

How many swine flu cases are in Florida?

There may be some ongoing cases in limited locations around the world, including in California. However, the specifics and counts of cases are no longer being tracked by CDC, WHO, the US states, and most other countries, now that the pandemic has been declared over. Influenza cases are monitored, but specific H1N1/09 counts (and the lab tests needed to isolate the specific virus to be able to count them correctly) aren't being done. Influenza cases in general are monitored, but statistics are not being kept for H1N1/09 cases separately from other influenza types for reporting any longer in the post pandemic phase.

As of November 22, 2009, there have been 4047cases* of Novel H1N1 Swine Flu in California, with 318 deaths.

*Statistics on laboratory confirmed case counts are no longer being reported or kept by the CDC since the cases were grossly under counted due to testing being done in fewer cases as the pandemic spread. The CDC has created a new methodology for estimated numbers of cases.

Why will antibiotics not get rid of flu?

. Coz it is inside our cells or us thing like that and we can't destroy it without destroying our own cells.... usually left to die out by its own..... Flu tablets only relieve the symptoms and don't actually cure the flu!

How did the Swine Flu spread to the US?

Yes, during the 2009 swine flu (H1N1/09) pandemic, there were effects in all of both North and South America along with all countries and continents of the world. Negative effects included illness, lost work production, lost wages, closed schools and universities, medical costs, and of course, deaths. With rapid production of an excellently matched vaccine, however, the pandemic has been declared over as the case numbers have dropped with more and more preventive measures in use. Only isolated outbreaks are currently ongoing in the world as of January 2012. Positive effects included the opportunity to test and evaluate measures that were in place to handle this type of infectious disease emergency to improve the plans. People were educated about preventing the spread of infectious diseases. World nations cooperated in the process to produce vaccines which helped create common ground for better international relations.