Computer Aided Design

When the maximum stresses in steel and concrete simultaniously reaches allowable value the section is called balanced section when the %of steel in a section is less than that required for a balanced section it is under reinforced section when the %of steel in a section is more than that required for a balanced section it is over reinforced section

over reinforcement is as per section design I.e Ast1+Ast2>Ast Ast1+Ast2

An under-reinforced beam is one in which the tension capacity of the tensile reinforcement is smaller than the combined compression capacity of the concrete and the compression steel (under-reinforced at tensile face). When the reinforced concrete element is subject to increasing bending moment, the tension steel yields while the concrete does not reach its ultimate failure condition. As the tension steel yields and stretches, an "under-reinforced" concrete also yields in a ductile manner, exhibiting a large deformation and warning before its ultimate failure. In this case the yield stress of the steel governs the design.

An over-reinforced beam is one in which the tension capacity of the tension steel is greater than the combined compression capacity of the concrete and the compression steel (over-reinforced at tensile face). So the "over-reinforced concrete" beam fails by crushing of the compressive-zone concrete and before the tension zone steel yields, which does not provide any warning before failure as the failure is instantaneous.

Quality of design is the quality which the producer or supplier is intending to offer to the customer. When the producer is making the quality of design of the product, he should take into consideration the customer's requirements in order to satisfy them with fitness for use of the product. If the quality of design does not reflect the customer's requirements, the product which the producer offers him would not probably satisfy the customer, even if it does sufficiently conform to the design. Quality of design is usually indicated by completeness and correctness of specifications, drawings, catalogues, etc. and is measured with fitness for use.

Quality of conformanceis the level of the quality of product actually produced and delivered through the production or service process of the organization as per the specifications or design. When the quality of a product entirely conforms to the specification (design), the quality of conformance is deemed excellent.

Specifications are targets and tolerances determined by the designer of a product. Targets are the ideal values for which production is expected to strive; tolerances are acceptable deviations from these ideal values recognizing that it is difficult to meet the exact targets all the time due to variability in material, machine, men and process.

For example, if an engineering component manufacturer specifies the diameter of a steel pin as 2.525 + 0.005 mm, the value 2.525 is the target value and + 0.005 is the tolerance. In a similar way, in case of an Airline service, if on time arrival of a flight is specified as within 15 minutes of scheduled time, the target is scheduled time and tolerance is + 15 minutes.

Quality of design is meant to introduce a new product or upgrade an existing product to meet customer requirements whereas Quality of conformance is the measure which determines whether the product is being manufactured according the design without much deviation or dissimilarity.

The Parameters Manager supports the following operations:

• Click the name of a dimensional constraint parameter to highlight the constraint in the drawing.
• Double-click a name or expression to edit it.
• Right-click and click Delete to remove a dimensional constraint parameter or user variable.
• Click a column heading to sort the list of parameters by name, expression, or value.

In Constraint Settings dialog box you can select the options to display different dimensional constraints effect.

Dimensional name format:

There are three options:Value,Name,Name and Expression,you can get different dimensional constraint text effect according to what option you select.

Show lock icon for annotational constraints:

Select whether show lock icon for annotational constraints.

Show hidden dynamic constraints for selected objects:

If you check this option, GstarCAD will display the relevant dynamic constraints for selected objects automatically.