Computer Networking

Source MAC address

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"1394" refers to the number of the IEEE standard created for "Firewire", a high speed serial wired communications protocol developed by Apple Computer to transfer digital data over short distances, such as between computers and external hard disks. Serial means that the signal is carried over a single pair of wires known as a twisted pair, using low voltage differential signaling, a method that supports both high speed and good noise immunity. Additional wires carry ground and power. Prior systems used parallel wiring with 8 or more wires carrying a byte at a time, but at lower bit rates. The cables were bulky and expensive, hence the desire for a serial standard. The original standard, Firewire 400, supported 400 Mbps, a later version, Firewire 800, 800 Mbps (using additional wires, but still many fewer than parallel interfaces). Similar to USB 2.0, Firewire is generally faster, and supports daisy chaining and hot swapping. Additional information may be found at HowStuffWorks.com or Wikipedia under "Firewire".

For common home network, a full duplex cable would have White Orange Orange White Green Blue White Blue Green White Brown Brown From left to right with the clip on the bottom and looking from the end where the cable inserts.

Telnet

Yes. Two or more people can be assigned the same IP consecutively if using a dialup ISP. If you are talking about the IP address that one's computer "reports as" when surfing the web, then it's possible that hundreds of computers all share the same IP address at the very same time. It all depends on if your ISP is using caching and proxy techniques. All ISP assign pools around your city and your ISP sets your internet up to join one making you share an IP with hundreds of other people around your area so every IPV4 IP doesn't get taken up by dedicated IPs.

WiMAX - uses a low wavelength transmission, usually between 2 GHz to 11 GHz. These frequencies are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructions because they can better bend around obstacles than higher frequencies.

boot the router to ROM monitor mode and configure the router to ignore the startup configuration when it initializes

Sorce: CCNA Final Exam Module 4

Cisco789

Network+ Guide to Networks answer: Csma/ca

An example of a storage area network is IBM DS4500. The main purpose of a SAN is to connect to different types of data storage devices.

Check mechenical part, the adapter was installed prorerly and in its place. Check software part, drivers were installed properly. Try to ping the router or the desktop itslelf. It will help only in the case when the adapter was damaged.

I have a PC, laptop and xbox running and i have a modem and router downstairs with a wire leading upstairs then a netgear high speed hub splitting my connection 3 ways to my PC etc , but i don't think u need a hub if your router has multiple ethernet slots.

ICMP- Internet Control Message Protocol

we used cross over cable ,coz cross over cable has two ends one end for tranmitting data and one end for receiving data ,thats why cross over used in peer to peer data connection.

It is used to process the On-Us(both acquiring bank, issuing bank are same)/ OFF-Us(acquiring bank, issuing bank are different) based on the configurations defined by Issuing bank.

It can process VISA, Mastercard and Amex etc., cards(debit/credit) as per their standards.

Basically it is based on ISO 8583 protocol. It can process both magnetic stripe and ICC(Integrated Chip Card) transactions as well.

All the data has been transfered in encrypted/protocol based format.

Institutions that need to share the data, should have public, private cryptographic keys distributed between them.

All Card, PIN(Personal Identification Number) releted secured data are processed by Host Security Module.

Off-Us Transactions that has been initiated by VISA,Mastercard based Cards, are routed to respective card associations, then they will route it to the respective Issuing banks.

ATM Switch also take care of dailt clearing, settlement processing as well.

It drives the ATM mostly based on 91x/NDC+ procol formats.

Screens, next states, time out based actions and all controlled by thr switch itself.

For more details, reach me on my mail "aaskumar@yahoo.com"

Regards,

Arul

it is a MAC Media acces control each network adapter on you adapter has a uniquie number (like a serila number) assigned to it by the manufactor.

The basic computer hardware components that are needed to set up a network are Routers, Repeaters, Hubs, and Switches, Bridges, Network Interface Card and Network Cables. you can find all these devices at cyprus pc. Cyprus-PC is the best online store to buy computers, computer accessories, networking equipment, laptops, desktops, routers, wifi routers, etc. from the top brands at the best prices in Nicosia, Limassol, Larnaca, Paphos and whole of Cyprus.

Wireless and wired.

Wired - Basically, you connect your computer to your router with an Ethernet cable, this will allow you to access your internet quickly.

Wireless - In laptops, you will have a wireless card already built in but some desktops do not. This will allow you to connect to a router anywhere in your house or whatever range your wireless can go.

All this can not be done without drivers, chips and programs. Your chip allows a wireless signal to connect to other wireless hardware's (routers etc). Programs will allow you to visually see what network you want to connect and see signal strength etc. And drivers works with all 2 - chip and program. The driver allows your chip to even work on your motherboard and will allow you to access the program where the internet takes place.

IP addresses are unique on a given network. Networks are divided into subnets. A Subnet is specified by the network mask. If you look at an ip address and network mask in binary (as machines do) it all makes more sense. A common network mask you will see in a private ip network is (in binary)

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

grouped 8 bits at a time for clarity

That is 255.255.255.0 look familiar?

The mask tells us that any address that is to be considered part of our network must match exactly wherever there is a binary 1 and can differ anywhere there is a binary 0. Thus the addresses:

11000000 10101000 00000000 00000001 (192.168.0.1)

11000000 10101000 00000000 00000010 (192.168.0.2)

11000000 10101000 00000000 00000011 (192.168.0.3)

are the same when we look in the columns that have binary 1 in the mask (ie the first 3 decimal numbers) and differ only in the columns where there is a binary 0.

An address like

11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010 (192.168.1.2)

differs in a column where there is a binary 1, so this address is not in our subnet.

Thus, to actually answer the question, the parts of the address that are the same in different computers (if they are on the same subnet) is determined by the network mask.

A WAN may use a similar topology as a LAN, but it uses different protocols to send packets over a wide distance. A LAN is much more limited in the distance it can send information to.

A WAN uses point-to-point connections over a wide distance, where a LAN does not cover a wide distance and will not send packets from one network to another. To get a packet from one network to another a router must be used inbetween the two networks.

Network Monitors constantly monitors a computer network for slow or failing components and that notifies the network administrator (via email, pager or other alarms) in case of outages. It is a subset of the functions involved in network management.

While an intrusion detection system monitors a network for threats from the outside, a network monitoring system monitors the network for problems caused by overloaded and/or crashed servers, network connections or other devices.

For example, to determine the status of a webserver, monitoring software may periodically send an HTTP request to fetch a page. For email servers, a test message might be sent through SMTP and retrieved by IMAP or POP3.

Commonly measured metrics are response time, availability and uptime, although both consistency and reliability metrics are starting to gain popularity. The widespread addition of WAN optimizationdevices is having an adverse effect on most network monitoring tools -- especially when it comes to measuring accurate end-to-end response time because they limit round trip visibility.

Status request failures - such as when a connection cannot be established, it times-out, or the document or message cannot be retrieved - usually produce an action from the monitoring system. These actions vary -- an alarm may be sent (via SMS, email, etc.) to the resident sysadmin, automatic failover systems may be activated to remove the troubled server from duty until it can be repaired, etc.

Monitoring the performance of a network uplink is also known as network traffic measurement, and more software is listed there.

A decon mitt filled with decon powder.

Analogue data is data in a continuous stream that has an infinite range of values that change gradually. One example of analogue data is the sound of a person talking.

We are capable of handling analogue data, yet computers require analogue data to be converted into digital data for processing.

Digital data is discrete data that is used in computers to handle all sorts of digital media, including text, graphics and audio. It only exists in two forms - on and off. This is represented with two digits- 1s and 0s - in the binary format. Since digital data is discrete, files saved in this format can be copied perfectly with no degradation.

Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)

http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/internetworking/g/bldef_bridge.htm