Computer Networking

Of the information supplied, 255.255.255.0 is the sub-net mask. It's address usually starts with 255. 172.16.12.0 seems to be the local IP address of your gateway/router.

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IPV6 is less vulnerable to DNS Spoofing

IPv4 addresses use 32 bit or 4 bytes for addressing

IPv6 addresses use eight bit segments.

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If the computer does not know the address of any DNS server, then it cannot resolve an address such as www.answers.com to an IP address and therefore cannot navigate to the desired website.

When an Internet user makes a request to go to www.answers.com, the web browser sends the request out and has the DNS server resolve the address to an IP address so that the path to the server can be determined. After all, all nodes on the Internet are assigned IP addresses and it is with that information that each communicates with its upstream and downstream neighbors.

Think of it as being similar to sending a package to a friend's home by snail mail. You can't just write on there Joey Smith's house and give it to the mailman. You need to give the proper address for routing and delivery such as 123 Anywhere Drive, Timbuktu, Maine, 01234. Then the mail service knows precisely where to deliver the package. This is the purpose of the DNS server.

If there is no DNS server address on the machine in question, then one will receive "unknown host" or another similar message when using a common name. Instead, one would have to know the specific IP address of the website in question to be able to access it. For well-known sites that have static IP addresses assigned to their domains (such as answers.com, amazon.com, walmart.com, and others have), that is not much of a problem but when one tries to access various smaller business websites or personally-owned websites (such as those domains often used by local stores/firms or families), those can be hosted on "virtual servers" which means that each physical server may respond to requests for hundreds, if not thousands, of websites and, therefore, using just an IP address will not provide enough information to the web server to respond with the files for the appropriate website.

So, in other words, not having a DNS address configured for a machine can lead to a list of issues that complicate the otherwise simple task of web browsing.

I hope this helps. If you have any other questions or if any of this is as clear as mud and you need clarification, feel free to drop me a line.

The size of an IPv4 address is 32 bits, or 4 bytes.

Aggregate tunnelled IP secure connections

Host-to-site VPN

The MAC address is a unique identifier for a networking card. Each networking card has a MAC address assigned to it during it's manufacturing, and thus it does not change when a computer moves between networks (unlike an IP address which is assigned by the network).

A few things to note:

- A computer only has a MAC address if it has a physical or virtual network card

- A computer has as many MAC addresses as it has networking cards

- MAC addresses CAN be modified before being broadcast to the rest of the network, however generally this results in the computer not receiving intended traffic and requires specialized software

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Network layer

A basic rate interface is an ISDN subscriber line which provides two B channels and one D channel.

Assuming that this is a Class A network (Class A Networks range from 1-127) the default subnet masked is 255.0.0.0. Therefore the network ID would be 110.0.0.0 and the host ID would be x.10.10.1

Take a look at the back of your router. It typically will be labeled "WAN". Refer to your user manual for detailed information.

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It is just advised so to make cleaner and less messier joints. It might melt down during the shorts and cause damage. Use Electrical tape to cover up the joints and make sure they are strong. if the wire have multiple strands then you should first put both the joining wires together and then wind them together. This will help you make stronger joints.

Cable tester

IP configuration server

When talking about data transfer speeds most likely you will be talking about Megabits Per Second (Mbps) or Gigabit Per Second (Gbps).

The dynamic ARP table tells you all the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) that have been dynamically learned rather than statically. Dynamically means that it learned the pathway automatically without having to be configured.

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According to the CompTIA A+ Guide to software Fifth addition, a DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) server gives IP addresses to computers on the network when they attempt to initiate a connection to the network and request an IP address.

An area of a network that shares a common address component. On TCP/IP networks, subnets are defined as all devices whose IP Addresses have the same prefix. Dividing a network into subnets is useful for both security and performance reasons. IP networks are divided using a subnet mask.

Transport layer is the fourth layer in the OSI model. Transport layer is responsible for process to process delivery of entire message. Other than that it also control connection, flow of data and error , thus will resend the packet if it get lost in between.