Computers

Conventional Computing

• Hard Disk Storage and same physical location
• does not require internet or intranet to access files
• must use a compatible system to access files

Cloud Computing

• Data is stored in remote servers
• must be connected to the internet to access files
• any internet ready device with updated browsers view files

A domain is a way of grouping multiple computers. This allows computers within the same domain to imply a certain level of trust. For example, computers which belong to the same domain might allow files or printers to be shared, might allow any user registered with the same domain to log on, etc.

In (Internet) network terms, a domain is a more abstract concept to address one or more computers over the network using human-friendly names rather than hard-to-remember numbers. For example, answers.com is a domain which can support zero or more computers. Within such a domain, names are established to refer to functionality rather than single physical computers though. For example, www.answers.com might relate to one or more physical computers, and mail.answers.com might relate to one or more physical computers which may be the same or different to those accessed through the former.

Other networking methods generally support a domain(although it might go under a different name) as a method of grouping and addressing.

As simple as possible it is the time it takes a disk to find a piece of requested data.

Seek time is composed of two parts:

1. The time to mechanically move the heads from the track they are on to the track the requested data is on, this is usually the longest part of seek time.
2. The time for the disk to rotate and bring the data to the head, once the head is on the right track.

Most modern hard disks contain a cache memory, if the requested is still in the cache memory the effective seek time drops to zero as the drive doesn't have to access the disk.

The former version of the answer posted here (by Homework Doer) is

"Technically it would be considered illegal. You are taking something and not paying for it which is what is known as stealing which is illegal."

This is probably a good answer from an advice standpoint, but it is way oversimplified.

The first "best answer" is that most music videos and movie clips on YouTube are posted by users in violation of copyright law. Only the owner of the copyright has the right to authorize its posting on YouTube. So if you copy anything illegal, your copy is also illegal.

Is what Freecorder does illegal? No. Freecorder simply captures the signal to your computer's output ports and stores the file in an appropriate format. Nothing illegal about that… so long as what is outputted to your port is something that you have the right to copy…. And that's where it gets tricky.

The music industry would have you believe that copying a song or video is illegal and that you must buy it. The truth here (as of December 2010, and that could change soon) is that DOWNLOADING or distributing music files and not paying for them is piracy.

When you record a streaming video from your computer's output port, you get into a legal gray area. Since the days of vinyl records and tape, an individual has had the right to make a single copy of a recording that they already purchased for personal listening only. This allowed people to take songs from various albums and make tapes that were compilations of favorite songs.

As the music industry went digital and songs could be downloaded individually, the product sold became individual recordings, not "albums" so the protection format required changing. Producers and artists have fought hard to make the copying or downloading of any copyrighted material, in any form, illegal if a royalty is not paid. Remember, this is how many people make their living. Not just the singer. The musicians and producers may also be receiving royalties for their part in a recording.

As for YouTube, the poster of any content holds the copyright for any material that is original or for which they have secured the rights in that content; and all other material belongs to the original copyright holder.

SO… THE BEST ANSWER IS:

"No, you cannot legally copy any copyrighted material that is on YouTube just because your software's function is legal. If you didn't legally post it on YouTube yourself, you don't own the copyright to it and someone else does. Copying that content without paying the rights holder to do so is 'piracy' and is illegal."

• Advantages of Interactive Graphics

Graphics provides one of the most natural means of communicating with a computer, since our highly developed 2D and 3D pattern-recognition abilities allow us to perceive and process pictorial data rapidly and efficiently. In Many design, implementation, and construction processes today, the information pictures can give is virtually indispensable. Scientific visualization became an important field in the late 1980s, when scientists and engineers realized that they could not interpret the data and prodigious quantities of data produced in supercomputer runs without summarizing the data and highlighting trends and phenomena in various kinds of graphical representations.

Creating and reproducing pictures, however, presented technical problems that stood in the way of their widespread use. Thus, the ancient Chinese proverb "a picture is worth ten thousand words" became a cliché in our society only after the advent of inexpensive and simple technology for producing pictures---first the printing press, then photography.

Interactive computer graphics is the most important means of producing pictures since the invention of photography and television; it has the added advantage that, with the computer, we can make pictures not only of concrete, "real-world" objects but also of abstract, synthetic objects, such as mathematical surfaces in 4D and of data that have no inherent geometry, such as survey results. Furthermore, we are not confined to static images. Although static pictures are a good means of communicating information, dynamically varying pictures are frequently even better--to time-varying phenomena, both real (e.g., growth trends, such as nuclear energy use in the United States or population movement form cities to suburbs and back to the cities). Thus, a movie can show changes over time more graphically than can a sequence of slides. Thus, a sequence of frames displayed on a screen at more than 15 frames per second can convey smooth motion or changing form better than can a jerky sequence, with several seconds between individual frames. The use of dynamics is especially effective when the user can control the animation by adjusting the speed, the portion of the total scene in view, the amount of detail shown, the geometric relationship of the objects in the another, and so on. Much of interactive graphics technology therefore contains hardware and software for user-controlled motion dynamics and update dynamics.

With motion dynamics, objects can be moved and tumbled with respect to a stationary observer. The objects can also remain stationary and the viewer can move around them , pan to select the portion in view, and zoom in or out for more or less detail, as though looking through the viewfinder of a rapidly moving video camera. In many cases, both the objects and the camera are moving. A typical example is the flight simulator, which combines a mechanical platform supporting a mock cockpit with display screens for windows. Computers control platform motion, gauges, and the simulated world of both stationary and moving objects through which the pilot navigates. These multimillion-dollar systems train pilots by letting the pilots maneuver a simulated craft over a simulated 3D landscape and around simulated vehicles. Much simpler fight simulators are among the most popular games on personal computers and workstations. Amusement parks also offer "motion-simulator" rides through simulated terrestrial and extraterrestrial landscapes. Video arcades offer graphics-based dexterity games and racecar-driving simulators, video games exploiting interactive motion dynamics: The player can change speed and direction with the "gas pedal" and "steering wheel," as trees, buildings, and other cars go whizzing by. Similarly, motion dynamics lets the user fly around the through buildings, molecules, and 3D or 4D mathematical space. In another type of motion dynamics, the "camera" is held fixed, and the objects in the scene are moved relative to it. For example, a complex mechanical linkage, such as the linkage on a stream engine, can be animated by moving or rotating all the pieces appropriately.

Update dynamics is the actual change of the shape, color, or other properties of the objects being viewed. For instance, a system can display the deformations of an airplane structure in flight or the state changes in a block diagram of a nuclear reactor in response to the operator's manipulation of graphical representations of the many control mechanisms. The smoother the change, the more realistic and meaningful the result. Dynamic interactive graphics offers a large number of user-controllable modes with which to encode and communicate information: the 2D or 3D shape of objects in a picture, their gray scale or color, and the time variations of these properties. With the recent development of digital signal processing (DSP) and audio synthesis chips, audio feedback can now be provided to augment the graphical feedback and to make the simulated environment even more realistic.

Interactive computer graphics thus permits extensive, high-bandwidth user-computer interaction. This significantly enhances our ability to understand data, to perceive trends, and to visualize real or imaginary objects--indeed, to create "virtual worlds" that we can explore from arbitrary points of view. By making communication more efficient, graphics make possible higher-quality and more precise results or products, greater productivity, and lower analysis and design costs.

A stored-program computer at least needs to know which instruction it has to execute next. Other memory addresses of special significance are e.g. the top of one or more stacks, or addresses to be used by instructions.

To keep track of such addresses, all CPUs have one or more registers; for instance the address of the next instruction is stored in the instruction pointer, a.k.a. program counter. Which and how many registers of a CPU are designated to keep addresses depends on the CPU type. The Z80 for instance has a program counter, a stack pointer, two index registers and an indirect address register doubling as 16 bit accumulator, while the contemporay 6502 only has a program counter and a stack pointer.