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Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.

23,056 Questions

How do you convert heat energy into electrical energy?

Short Answer:

Whenever electrical current encounters resistance, heat is generated.

Many home heating appliances (e.g. toasters, water heaters) work on this principle as well as tools (e.g. soldering iron, hair dryer) and even industrial furnaces. In each case, the resistance doing the heating has its specific performance characteristics that is has to meet, but the underlying scientific principle is the same.

More:

The simplest electronic component is probably the resistor.

A resistor has no purpose other than to "resist" the flow of electricity. It performs no function other than turning electrical energy into heat energy. (Often the purpose is not to generate heat, but to control voltage or current and the generation of heat is secondary.)

If a current I flows through a resistor R, then the rate of power, P, is

P=I2R.

Similarly, if a voltage drop of V occurs across a resistor, the Power is,

P=V2/R.

These equations are the same as saying that power associated with a resistor is, P=VI.

The power is the rate at which heat is generated and therefore the rate at which electrical energy is converted to heat energy.

Another Answer

Heat is no longer thought of as 'thermal energy' or as 'heat energy' but, rather, as energy in transit between a warmer body and a cooler body. If you like, it's thought of as being a 'process' or a 'transition', rather in the same way 'rain' describes water as it changes from being a vapour (a cloud) to a puddle! What used to be though of as 'heat energy' or 'thermal energy', these days, is called internal energy and describes the sum total of all the various types of energy within a body.

Work is thought of in a similar way to heat, except that it describes energy in transit from one form into another. For example, a motor does work when it converts electrical energy into kinetic energy.

So, when a current passes through a conductor, work is done on that conductor, meaning that the electrical energyis converted into internal energy, causing the conductor's existing internal energy to rise. This is accompanied by a temperature rise and, because the conductor's temperature is now higher than its surroundings, heat transfer takes place from the warmer conductor to the cooler surroundings.

So the process of converting electrical energy into heat is: electrical energy becomes internal energy (work is done), causing the internal energy of the conductor to rise; this is accompanied by a rise in the conductor's temperature, causing heat transfer to take place from the conductor to its surroundings.

Who invented the avr?

The AVR is an AV receiver. It was first introduced as a common soundtrack format by the Dolby Pro Logic company.

What is the difference between motor oils 5W30 10W30 20W50 and so on?

Let's start with understanding viscosity. Your owner's manual may tell you to use SAE 5W-30 engine oil. What does this mean? SAE stands for the Society of Automotive Engineers. They have created a standard for identifying the viscosity characteristics of engine oil. The 5W-30 part of the symbol is actually just a name. The W part of the name is an indicator of low temperature viscosity properties while the 30 part of the name is an indicator of the high temperature or operating viscosity properties. The numbers are just relative indicators to help the consumer. In other words, a 5W oil does not have a viscosity of 5, nor does a 30 weight oil have a viscosity of 30. What the numbers do mean is that the viscosity characteristics of a 5W oil are lower than that of a 10W oil. As well, a 30 weight oil has lower viscosity properties than a 40 weight oil. Its all very confusing, isn't it? The best thing to do is use the appropriate viscosity for your engine and climate as recommended by the manufacturer. In general, newer vehicles will specify lower viscosity oils such as 5W-30 while older vehicles will specify higher viscosity oils such as 20W-50. This is because today's engines are built with tighter bearing clearances to take advantage of the fuel economy benefits of lower viscosity oils. It is not really a good idea to use thicker oil in one of these engines because it will disrupt the oil flow characteristics of the engine and may create excessively high oil pressure. In an older engine that was designed with larger bearing clearances, it is appropriate and recommended to use a thicker oil to maintain proper oil pressure and provide adequate bearing film thickness. This is also true for engines that have a lot of miles on them and the oil pressure is starting to drop off. By using higher viscosity oil, you can boost the oil pressure back to normal levels and increase bearing film strength.

Delta star transformation?

it is the mathematical analysis which shows relationship b/w various resistors connected in star or delta form's using the transformation process we can convert delta into star or viceversa

What is a pole transformer?

It is a type of transformer that you usually see hanging from a utility pole that feeds your house. It transforms the high transmission voltage down to the usable voltage that is used in the home.

Can you use an oscilloscope to measure the 110 volts AC in a home wall outlet if so how is it done safely to avoid damage to the oscilloscope?

The first thing to consider in measuring the line voltage of a home wall outlet is the oscilloscope probe voltage rating. Most high-impedance probes have a resistance of one Megohm of greater and will withstand peak voltages in excess of 200 Volts, but it pays to make sure that you do not damage the resistor within the probe.

The next item of concern is the current flowing in the power line ground. If you have a ground current protected outlet, then it will be safe from dangerous ground currents. It will also limit the voltage errors produced by any circulating ground currents. As is the case for many instruments, the metal case is generally tied to the line common through a small capacitor, so the ground current can produce a small voltage between the case and line common. That is the purpose of using a line current interrupter for protection. Do NOT connect the oscilloscope ground lead to the line socket. If you connect it to the wrong pin, then the case can be at a high enough voltage to cause shock. Better to be on the safe side.

Keep in mind that the voltage is rating in RMS (root-mean-square) volts and not peak or average volts. Therefore, the sine wave peak is 1.414 (square root of 2) times the RMS voltage. Conversely, the RMS voltage the peak voltage divided by 1.414.

What design characteristics determined the current capacity of a?

The surface area of the plates. This area is increased dramatically in car batteries by making a fine paste of Lead/Antimony and pressing it into a lead matrix plate. This presents a huge area to the sulphuric acid and increases it's storage capacity and ampere/hour delivery.

Why does metal complete a circuit when you plug it into an outlet?

Metal is a good conductor of electricity hence it gives an easy path and completes the circuit.

What is the present excise duty of transformer oil?

to cool a winding of transformer and it is a insulating material and transformer oil is a purifing oil

Why us the power measured during the open circuit test considered to be approximately equal to the core loss?

During open circuit test on transformer, no load is connected across the secondary side. Hence, the total power drawn by the transformer is only to induce the voltage across the secondary, i.e., core loss AND negligible amount of primary copper loss. As the primary copper losses during open circuit are negligible, it is practice to attribute the open circuit power to core loss.

What is the different between contactor and relay?

A contactor, as far as being used to start a motor or the like, is in essence, a relay. A coil is energized and the normally open contacts from the contactor close (normally 3 contacts for an AC motor) and the motor starts. Do I understand your question? Or are you trying to decifer the difference between the coil of a relay and the contacts of a relay?

Do magnet motors work?

All motors work on magnets dude!!!! so yes magnet motors do work irrespective if they are AC or DC :D!! hope this is what you were looking for

How do you measure volt output of CRT board primary transformer?

Very careful or not at all, because some of the voltages is extremely HIGH it can vary between 300 VDC for a vacuum tube up to a thousands of volt on a CRT and any DC voltage over 24 volt are LETHAL.

A 10 microfard capacitor is charged through a 10 ohm resistor. How long will it take for the capacitor t fully charge?

If a 10 microfarad capacitor is charged through a 10 ohm resistor, it will theoretically never reach full charge.

Practically, however, it can be considered fully charged after 5 time constants. One time constant is farads times ohms, so the time constant for a 10 microfarad capacitor and a 10 ohm resistor is 100 microseconds. Full charge will be about 500 microseconds.

The voltage drop across led is?

The voltage drop across an LED varies, but is typically around 2 volts.

How do you control lights using scr?

silicon controlled rectifires are like transistors,in this function.we can adjust load(lights)by adjusting bias voltage by a potentiometer(veriable resester).

ANSWER: It could be an SCR but most likely is a TRIAC that conduct both +/- of the AC cycle. These devices have the ability to conduct if a gate current is present. So some kind of delay is used to fire the triac at certain angle of the ac The delay is a resistor capacitor network where the resistor changes the RC time constant for firring

Why use a UPS with a Generator?

Used for a number of reasons, but effectively stop brownouts which can cause loss of information or even crashes on large servers. More information below

http://www.borri.co.uk/product/37

How do you identify positive terminals in voltmeters and ammeters?

The positive terminals in voltmeters and ammeters are generally indicated by a red coloring and a + (plus) symbol. Negative is generally black and - (minus).

What will be the voltage drop across each what resistors A 160 Ohms B 100 Ohms C 82 Ohms D 120 Ohms.?

Ohm's Law requires you know two of three parameters to calculate the third.

Volts = Amps x Ohms

You need to know current flowing through resistance to calculate voltage drop.

When a battery is connected with a capacitor the potential difference will?

Charge the capacitor.

Potential difference is a scientific term for what is more commonly called voltage.

ANSWER: If big enough the battery will see a short initially and then proceed to charge the capacitor at a rate of 63% of the voltage in one time constant defined as RC For engineering purposes after 5 time the time constant the battery will and the capacitor zero potential different. The proper term should be virtual no difference.

How do you find turns of primary and secondary with any example?

A: Forgetting about the iron which is most important. If the input is 120 volts an you require 12 volts output then the ratio is 1:01 is this enough? NO the 12 volts what current is required? and the primary cannot be 10 turns to get the 12 volts output 1:01 ten turn of 22 gauge wire will burn up instantly with 120volts applied. The design of a transformer is very complex because the transfer is really power to a different level.

What are the primary and secondary forces responsible for ocean currents?

Primary Ocean Forces - Forces that start water moving and are responsible for its velocity.

  1. Thermal Expansion and Contraction
  2. Density Differences
  3. Wind

Secondary Ocean Forces - Forces that influence the direction and nature of flow.

  1. Coriolis Effect
  2. Ocean Basin Shape and Gyres
  3. Gravity

Source: The Ohio State University's ENR 201 class.