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Electronics Engineering

Electronics Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with practical applications of electronic components, devices, systems, or equipment. Electronics are devices that operate on low voltage sources, as in electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and printed circuit boards and use electricity as part of its driving force.

24,372 Questions

What is the effect on the supply current if the capacitor is removed?

It depends on how the capacitor is connected and whether the supply voltage is a.c. or d.c. Assuming you are talking about a power-factor improvement capacitor (connected in parallel with an inductive load, supplied with a.c.), then the supply current will reduce.

What is the difference between FM transmitters?

Fro transmitting FM signals from one point to another,one need to have a full system that transforms your signal. The FM transmitter and FM modulator are two parts of this system and they are both necessary in making the system function as desired. The transmitter is the part that dissipates the FM signal into the air so that it can be received by antennas somewhere else. The FM modulator, on the other hand, is responsible for piggybacking the signal onto the carrier signal.

Refer american-writers.org for more information.

Why is it more economical to transmit a ac supply rather than a dc?

They use both. AC is almost universally used because it is easy to convert it to different voltages by step up or down transformers. Over very long distances and in special circumstances DC is used because AC has higher losses. The phase synchronization with other power grids as well as the frequency is also a problem with AC. A common example is where 50 Hz and 60 Hz power systems share resources.

Which is the dangerous current?

You can't really separate them. It's the current flowing through your body that does the damage, but the value of the current depends on the voltage across your body -the higher the voltage, the higher the resulting current.

What does radar images show?

Radar displays show where precipitation is they also show the winds within thunderstorms which help them see rotation in a thunderstorm to pick out where a tornado is possibly forming.

How does removing a bulb or opening and closing the switch affect a parallel circuit?

it is because the energy flows through the switch and it makes the light bulb turn on and if the switch is open the energy will not flow it will stay in the place the switch begins

Why two point starter used in dc series motor?

The only explanation to that is given by the presence of back emf Eb, which plays a critical role in governing the operation of the motor. The back emf, develops as the motor armature starts to rotate in presence of the magnetic field, by generating action and counters the supply voltage. This also essentially means, that the back emf at the starting is zero, and develops gradually as the motor gathers speed.

The general motor emf equation E = Eb + Ia.Ra,

at starting is modified to E = Ia.Ra as at starting Eb = 0.

What size resistor needed to drop 3 volts dc to 2.5 volts dc?

You will need to take the resistance of the load into account if you are going to design a voltage divider. The resistance of the load can completely change the voltage ratio of a voltage divider if not factored into the calculation.

you can measure or read R(load), then R(needed) = 0.8 R(load)

Which has the higher frequency range am or FM?

Both can use the same amount of energy. The amount of energy used varies and depends entirely on the tower and the range it was built to cover.

There have been AM and FM towers built to use up to 500kw in the past.

Modern stations now have government limitations placed on them restricting the energy used. Most current AM towers are restricted to 50kw and FM stations are typically restricted to 100kw.

A few older FM towers with a range up to 500kw are still in use today, grandfathered in under the new laws. The only AM towers broadcasting at 500kw were taken over by the military and public towers are no longer allowed to use that much energy.

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The primary differences between AM and FM are not the amount of energy they use but the methods they broadcast with.

AM and FM broadcast at completely different frequencies and bandwidths. An AM station broadcasting at 500kw can cover the entire planet. An FM station broadcasting at 500kw cannot.

AM's frequency and broadcast method allows for the signal to curve and still remain usable at longer ranges for less energy. However, it will always be prone to static and interferance.

FM's higher frequency and larger bandwidth allows for a clearer signal, but the shape of that signal does not bend well and thus does not curve easily around the Earth, regardless of how much energy is dumped into it.

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In either case, the more energy dumped into AM or FM and the longer the range you can reach, but FM is eventually limited more by the curve of the Earth and AM will always be prone to interferance.

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The bottom line, neither AM nor FM has "more energy" simply because they are AM or FM, they have more energy based purely on the design of the tower being used to create the signal and the range it is intended to cover.

Either can use an energy range of 500kw (or theoretically even more), there is simply no reason to in most cases.

With modern government regulations standard AM towers are 50kw, standard FM towers are 100kw. But without the regulations there are no real limits and there are still towers in use on the planet that existed prior to the regulations which broadcast using more energy.

What is the applications of bootstrap amplifier?

it is a mechanism applied in an amplifier so as to raise it's input impedance.Mostly this mechanism is applied in a common collector(emitter follower) amplifier.

What is used to clean silicon?

They actually sell special cleaners for the use to clean silicon. It is not recommended to use any other type of generic cleaner to clean silicon due to the possibility you may ruin it or cause damage.

Which circuit draws the largest amount of current from the battery parallel or series?

Well firstly, is the capacitor connected to a DC or AC supply.

On a DC supply the capacitor would draw current until it had fully charged, at which point the current falls to the leakage current. Electrolytic capacitor will always leak a little.

On an AC connection, current will pass continuously, and the capacitor may rupture if connected across an AC supply.

The current that would flow on an AC connection is given by the impedance, which is calculated from the reciprocal of 2 x Pi x F x C

Because it is the reciprocal, the impedance reduces as the capacitance in Farads (F) increases. So, the bigger the capacitance, the higher the current.

Therefore, for AC, only low values of capacitor are found connected across the supply (usually with a resistor in series) for interference snubbing across a contact or switch. Larger values are placed in series with the current, to act as current limiters or high pass filters.

Which waves are used by satellites for communication?

On a fiber-optic line: light. That's the only kind of energy that passes through the fiber. On wires: electrical signals in the form of AC currents. Without wires or anything else to carry the info: electromagnetic waves, such as for example -- radio, TV, microwave, infra-red or visible light beam. Some advantages of electromagnetic signalling are: -- easy to generate, and to impress information onto it -- easy to radiate and detect over great distances using small amounts of power -- easy to focus the available power in the desired direction of communication -- easy to separate the signal you want out of the flood of signals from thousands of other people all using the same technology to communicate -- no expense or physical infrastructure required between the end-points (running fiber via satellites would be difficult and expensive)

What is saturated salution?

A solution in which the maximum amount of solvent has been dissolved. Any more solute added will sit as crystals on the bottom of the container.

How are resistor connected in series?

when we want maximum resistance they are connected in series.

when resistors are connected in series total resistance is maximum

when resistors are connected in parallel total resistance is minimum

for series total R=R1+R2+R3.........

for parallel R1 in parallel to R2 total 1/R=(1/R1)+(1/R2) ie R=(R1*R2)/(R1+R2)

Why earth fault current is less than short circuit current?

A short circuit occurs when the current pass through earth directly or the current returns to its source without passing the load. It is caused by a very low or zero impedance wire that may be connected line to line or line to ground.

A fault current can be a short circuit but the wire have an impedance that may still give current to the load. the protective device operates when the current exceeds the rating of circuit breaker, by load current + fault current.

Why we use emitter resistance in circuits?

The emitter resistor is connected to ground(in the case of an rc coupled amplifier).Also input signal applied at the base is grounded.Then the emitter resistor forms a feedback to the input signal (through the ground return path).So emitter resistor is also called feedback resistor.

Why vacuum is created in cathode ray tube?

Its not connected to a vacuum pump necesarily but it does have a vacuum inside of it. The reason is the cathode send out a beam of electrons in order to activate the phosphorescent layer on the CRT (lets say the tv screen). The stream of electrons is relatively weak in term of what it is able to penetrate at the same time it has to be acurately deflected by the magnets so that it can accuretly hit a pixel on the tv screen. So if the CRT had air in it the air molecules would get in the way of the electron beams and cause them to be partially absorbed and mis-directed. Also if it had air in it it would expand and crack the actual tube because it would overheat due to the high energy of the electrons.

Why 33pf capacitor is used in oscillator circuit of microcontroller?

Capacitors can be used for many purposes - for debounce of inputs, power isolation, curcuit loading. Some microcontrollers have D/A converters, oscillators, or transmitters built in and require external capacitors to operate these at specific frequencies.

How would you measure voltage passing through a light bulb using a digital multimeter?

Simply set the multi meter on DC voltage, which is denoted by a line with dotted lines under it. Then place the red lead on the positive side of the bulb and the black lead on the negative side. If you do this incorrectly it will be a negative number but the same number if the leads are reversed.

If you have a bad bulb the meter will show all zero´s. Otherwise you´ll get something like 0.01 which is a good indicator for a working bulb.

The voltage across the light bulb will be the same voltage as the supply. Regardless of whether the bulb is good or bad the voltage potential will still be there. You are measuring voltage not amperage.

What is the difference between amplitude shift keying and AM modulation?

Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Radio http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Carrier_wave. AM works by varying the strength of the transmitted signal in relation to the information being sent. Angle modulation is a class of http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Analog_signal http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Modulation. These techniques are based on altering the http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Angle or http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Phase_%28waves%29 of a http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Sinusoidal http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Carrier_wave to http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Transmission_%28telecommunications%29 data. The two main types of angle modulation are: http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Frequency_modulation (FM) in which the http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Frequency is varied, http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Phase_modulation (PM) in which the http://wiki.answers.com/wiki/Phase_%28waves%29 is varied.

What value of resistance is used to convert galvanometer into voltmeter?

It depends on the resistance of the galvanometer and its full scale current. A 100 ohm meter reading 1 milliampere would require 0.1 volts to reach full scale, so it would require about 0.1 ohms in parallel to become a 1 ampere ammeter.