Electronics Engineering

The yokogawa dcs or any other dcs consists of a minimum of one field control station and a human interface system.

In an FCS( Field control station) there are different nodes consisting of different cards to which the inputs are connected and outputs are taken out after processing. The selection of cards and the number of cards in each node depends on various parameters.

The selection of these cards and the loading of them in each node taken into account of all the parameters is called NEST LOADING. It depends on whether the input or output is digital or analog.. voltage or current... coming from a RTD or thermocouple or whether its a field-bus input etc.. and the CPU loading.

A: NOT VERY WELL a zener requires to support booths its breakdown current and the fan current essentially the zener is a voltage regulator not a current regulator

pi filter is best using inductor and capacitor.

dc flux is caused by dc current (flux and current are proportional), it is a constant value. Put an inductor (or transformer winding) across a battery and you will get dc flux.

ac flux is caused by ac current (flux and current are proportional), it is a moving value, the flux moves with the current, typically cyclical but the waveform is arbitrary as long as we're moving.

One of the main advantages of using the emitter bias configuration has to do with the Q-points. With changes in the current gain, those Q-points don't change. Since the collector current accounts for 99% of the emitter current, we come up with a 1% margin of error, much better than the 5% we can get with the fixed-base bias configuration and Ic and Vce do not fluctuate as well.

P = IV

Where: P = power in watts, I = Current, and V= Voltage

Using ohms law: V = IR where V=Voltage, I = Current, and R= Resistance

First solve for I,

I = V/R, 12/30 = .4

Then use the power equation:

P = .4*12 = 4.8 Watts

Because its function is to measure the current, i.e. the amount of electrical flow in the circuit, and this require that the current flows through the ammeter A good ammeter has very low series resistance, so connecting it in series will not affect your circuit. Be careful when using an ammeter , because of its very low resistance , it can cause a short circuit if you use it by mistake to measure "voltage", so avoid connecting it in Parallel.

P=ie

A: Define air first desert air or rainy air
3KV/mm or 3X10^6 V/M

a: its function is to detect a change of light withing its perimeter

The ideal passband of a receiver should have steep sides and a flat top. However many receivers use stacked filters to create the passband, and consequently the top of the passband sometimes has a ripple on it. This can cause distortion of the received signal.

Class B operated amplifier is used extensively for audio amplifiers that require high power outputs. Its also used as the driver and power amplifier stages of transmitters.

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A Thyrector is essentially two zener diodes connected back-to-back in opposing polarity which means it will not conduct until an over-voltage above its break-down voltage rating occurs. This is used to trap voltage spikes and suppress them.

A: The essential difference is while it will behave like a normal diode at some at .6 forward voltage it has a negative impedance area before this point is reached it is not a very stable area to maintain and has the tendency to switch from one mode [low level] to the other .6v and very fast endeed.

A: To partially eliminate the problems with cathode current hugging

sort of... check here. http://www.gplsquared.com/SoM1/SoM1.html

i was working on one myself but went another route so it sits :D

A: The question remains why would anybody connect diodes in series to begin with only one is necessary. So the solution is use one

A controlled wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Controlled wave rectification converts both polarities of the input waveform to DC (direct current), and is more resourceful.

the point where in a semiconductor minority carrier is captured in a charged point defect and recombined with subsequently captured majority carrier.

low power schottky

The maximum lethal DC voltage is 1 billion volts (...so says Doctor Evil...).

The minimum lethal voltage is dependent upon the person. Generally a higher voltage would be associated with men vs. women. 90 mA is enough to cause loss of muscle control in 99% of men, and 60mA is enough to do the same for women (Deleterious Effects of Electric Shock, Charles F Dalziel). The voltage associated with this current will be dependent upon skin resistance (mostly), which can very from individual to individual.

DRLC (Different Room Link Control) which lets you setup an optional remote control receiver in another room, and connect it to an input jack (that doesn't exist on my unit).

If the receiver is played at maximum volume, it will go into protect mode. Heat has something to do with it, as does the output capacitors. If both A and B speakers are turned on, the surround sound must be turned off. If protect mode occurs when operating with a DVD, the sampling frequency may be set too high (which probably isn't the issue with our stone-age DVD)

This problem also occurs on my STR-D790. The problem occurred for us in the winter, and the house was 69 degF. The unit is in an enclosure that gets warm, but not hot, and the configuration has been the same for a long time. We don't operate the unit at high volume, and only the A speakers were on.

I'm guessing that the problem is that the unit contains aluminum electrolytic output capacitors, and that they are drying out with age and losing their capacitance. The problem is intermittent now, but likely to get worse. These devices are known to have a limited lifespan.

I have not attempted to repair it yet, but if you wish to give it a shot try the following:

1) Unplug the unit (duh) and take your time getting it apart so the capacitors have a chance to discharge. Remove the internal circuit boards that have large cylindrical aluminum things with markings that include "uFd" (microfarads). If any of those have tops that look like they have ballooned out, they are shorted and definitely bad, but that isn't likely in this case.

2) Short across the terminals of each capacitor for a few seconds to discharge them. They are like little batteries. If it isn't there already, mark the circuit board with which side is the "+" terminal, based on the marking on the side of the capacitor.

3) Unsolder one or both leads, and measure the capacitor with that setting of a DMM if you have one available that does that. If it measures to its rated value, its probably okay...for now. If in doubt or you don't have the equipment to measure them, replace all the big ones.

4) Take the board to Radio Shack or an electronics parts store and get replacement parts. Newark Electronics or Digikey is good too. The voltage rating of the new part can be greater, the uFD rating can be a little greater, but it still has to fit in the location.

This is obviously pretty deep DIY.

A: When a signal is not amplified but simply taken from an emitter the reason is that the emitter will provide better current capabilities

A: I imagine op amps. If that is the case there are two sources of output errors related to the input. One is that the input diode while conducting are not at the same potential due to miss match of the diodes the other is current offset due basically for the same reason miss match of current pathways.