Electronics Engineering

An antenna is analog it is not classified as being a digital device.

Capacitance Electronic Disc was created in 1981.

Cathode ray tube amusement device happened in 1947.

An XNOR gate is a logic gate performing a Boolean logic XNOR operation, also known as an equivalence gate.

yes, effectively a voltage controlled conductance. (conductance being the reciprocal of resistance)

• CC gives only current gain, but no voltage gain; gives only limited power gain
• CB gives only voltage gain, but no current gain; gives only limited power gain
• CE gives both voltage and current gain; gives large power gain

A logic gate composed only of diodes and resistors. The only types are AND gates and OR gates. However the number of layers of logic that can be implemented are severely limited due to losses in these gates.

A normal fridge uses 120 v or 230 v and about 100 watts.

Open

Variable

It is an "onomatopoeic" ("onomatopoeia" = the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named) name. When you walk in them the sound like "flip" "flop".

Either 5 or 10 states, depending on how the output and input are connected.

The breakdown voltage of a diode is the minimum voltage at which it conducts in both directions. If you have a 100-volt rectifier diode (1N4002) and you wire it into a 110v circuit, it will flow current in both directions and you'll get no rectification.

There are two types of modulations. They are amplitude modulation and frequency modulation. In AM, amplitude of the signal is modified. In FM, frequency is getting modulated. Frequency modulated with carrier waves are transmitted and received by receivers without any distortion.

Vacuum tubes cannot eat. Perhaps you could word your question so as to be more specific for the type of answers desired. The word "something" is very broad and permits many answers.

AF means audio frequency. Audio Amplifiers can be subgrouped as voltage amplifiers (or pre-amplifiers) and power amplifiers. The voltage amplifier will raise the level of level of the output of a microphone from say 1 mV to 500mV or 1V. The power amplifier will be the interface between this and the load, which is a speaker. The resistance of the speaker is often 4 ohm or 8 ohm. You cannot have a speaker with 1k as resistance! As such to get say 8W output, an amplifier providing 8V will have to pump 1 amp into an 8 ohm speaker. Thus power amplifiers will have to drive a lot of current into the load. Voltage amplifiers cannot do this. A power amplifier sometimes just has unity voltage gain, but has ability to drive a lot of current into the load.

Typical power amplifiers are operated in class B, where for 50% of the signal swing, one transistor provides current, and for the other 50%, the other transistor in a class B provides current into load. Class B amplifiers have cross over distortion, But this can be overcome by pre-biasing, or making the stage operate as class AB. The power amplifiers can also be used to power low resistance loads such as a step up transformer.

Your question is its own answer.

Internal resistance.

The ideal current source has no internal resistance in parallel with it (if it was set to supply no current it would act as an open circuit), and all the current it supplied would have to flow through its load (even if the load was an open circuit, in which case the voltage across the current source would be infinite).

A real current source has the practical limitation that it must have an internal resistance in parallel with it, therefor some of the current it supplied is bypassed through that internal resistance and never reaches the load (if the load was an open circuit, then all the current supplied is bypassed and the resulting voltage drop across the internal resistance limits the voltage across the current source).

THINK! (famous sign used in IBM for decades to motivate employees)

What would happen if an ideal voltage source (i.e. no internal resistance) was connected directly across a diode in the forward bias direction? For a real silicon diode the knee voltage is about 0.7V and the diode's internal resistance can drop roughly another 0.3V before overloading. If the voltage source applied more than the sum of the knee voltage and the maximum voltage the internal resistance can drop before overloading (this sum is roughly 1V) then bad things will happen.

You should have been able to figure out you answer yourself from the above. The situation above is only trivially changed by the use of a real voltage source (i.e. having internal resistance), it only postpones the overload a little.

D. The total resistance is equal to the lowest resistance in the circuit

The operation of subtraction is just the inverse of addition, if you can do one you can do the other. BTW, are you thinking analog or digital IC? If digital there are ALU IC chips that do both, depending ..

In general the length of the leads contributes only a negligible amount to the capacitance of a capacitor. However at high enough frequencies excessive lead length can contribute an undesirable amount of parasitic inductive reactance, causing problems in circuit operation.

A digital voltmeter will read negative voltage, if connecting backward.

If the meter is an analogue type, the needle will go backwards and dip below the 0 on the scale.

This name probably comes from engineers working on electrical installations such as railways. If it becomes apparent or suspected, that the line they are working on has become live, a quick and easy way to make it safe, is to throw a crowbar across the live terminals. This will cause an immediate short circuit, blowing a breaker or fuse. A large metal object such as a crowbar, would be to hand and ideal for making such a short circuit.

Crowbar protection is 'brute force' way of making a circuit safe. Instead of breaking a circuit, it deliberately causes an overload, in order to trip a safety device futher down the line.