Electrostatics

Yes, the Particle Model can explain refraction by considering light as a stream of particles (photons) that change speed and direction when passing through different mediums, causing the bending of light rays.

The water drop goes stright down, but it gets slightly squashed during the way down, like a hamburger shape.

The electric field near the Earth's surface typically points vertically downward, towards the Earth. This is because the Earth's surface is negatively charged and repels negative charges, causing the electric field to point towards the surface.

Yes, it actually does so very often. It is called lightening. Lightning is a static discharge.

Additionally, if you have ever run an electric generator without correctly grounding it, you may see a static discharge between it and a grounded object. If this occurs at night, it will be very bright.

Fridge magnets do not consume electricity on their own, so they do not waste electricity. They are simply decorative items that stick to the front surface of the refrigerator using a magnetic force.

The force of repulsion between the alpha particle and the gold nucleus can be calculated using Coulomb's law, given by F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2, where k is the Coulomb constant, q1 and q2 are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them. Given the charges of an alpha particle and a gold nucleus, and the distance of 1pm, the force of repulsion can be calculated to be extremely large due to the proximity of the particles and the high charges involved.

When an object is grounded, it means that it is connected to the Earth through a conductor, such as copper wire, to allow charges to move freely between the object and the Earth. This helps to prevent the buildup of excess charge on the object and protects against electrical shock or damage from static electricity.

MR (magnetoresistance) refers to the change in electrical resistance of a material in response to an applied magnetic field. GMR (giant magnetoresistance) is a specific type of magnetoresistance that occurs in layered structures, where the resistance changes significantly due to the alignment of the magnetic moments within the layers. In other words, GMR is a more pronounced effect compared to general magnetoresistance.

Yes, electrostatic charge and static electricity are essentially the same thing. Both terms refer to the accumulation of electric charge on an object through friction or induction, resulting in an imbalance of positive and negative charges on its surface. This imbalance can lead to static electric interactions like sparks or shocks.

As far as the electric field is stationary then no magnetic field. But when electric field is moving at a uniform speed then a magnetic field will be produced. This is what we call Lorentz magnetic field.

Hans Christian Oersted discovered the relationship between electricity and magnetism in 1820 when he observed that an electric current flowing through a wire caused a nearby compass needle to deflect. This observation demonstrated that an electric current produces a magnetic field.

No, rubber boots do not prevent you from being struck by lightning. Lightning can travel through the ground and can still reach you even if you are wearing rubber boots. It is important to seek appropriate shelter during a lightning storm to stay safe.

Short Answer: Because metal rods are conductors. This means that while they easily accept a charge, they also easily discharge. Thus, any charge that is applied to it will immediately discharge, resulting in zero potential.

Long Answer: Search for 'tiboelectric series', 'electrostatics', and 'properties of conductors and insulators'. An in-depth answer would require a collegiate-level introduction to Physics and Calculus.

the tangent at any point on an electric field line gives the direction of the field at that point . so if field lines intersect then electric field at will have more than1 direction which is impossible

Wearing clothing made from natural materials, using a humidifier in your home, and regularly moisturizing your skin can help reduce static electricity buildup in your body in a dry climate. Avoiding synthetic materials and grounding yourself by touching a grounded object before touching metal surfaces can also help dissipate static charges.

Tennyson creates sympathy for the Lady of Shallot by depicting her as a trapped and isolated figure, imprisoned within her tower. Her yearning for love and connection with the outside world, only to be shattered by a tragic fate, evokes emotions of pity and sorrow in the reader. Additionally, Tennyson's lyrical and vivid descriptions of her surroundings and emotions help to humanize and elevate her character, eliciting empathy from the audience.

Comparitively weak ... but only 'comparitively'.

Laser pointers are Class IIIa lasers. Their output power is limited to

5 milliwatts, with a beam power density that can't exceed 2.5 mW/cm2

without a "danger" warning label.

Pointers are powered by 'button' batteries that last a long time in laser-pointer

service. Still, they're capable of causing eye damage if shined directly into an

eye for more than a minute.

Because of the static electricity.

You get a shock when electrons move from a negatively charged surface to a less negatively charged surface. You see a shock then the electrond flow through the air... and ZAP... you feel it too. The electricity has an "easier" time moving though the air when it is dry, so you need less of a charge to get a shock. When there's more moisture in the air, it's tougher! It's the other way around. Moist air conducts electricity better than dry air, so charge bleeds off quickly. When the air is dry, the electrons can hang around on your body for a long time, charging you up to thousands of volts. That can last until you touch something that can conduct them away, like a doorknob or your significant other. Electronics manufacturers have a devil of a time with static jumping onto sensitive parts and damaging them. Electronic assembly areas typically have to keep the humidity above a specified level (maybe 40%) to reduce the charge on the workers.

Yes, liquids can retain electrical charge. When an electric current flows through a liquid, ions can accumulate at the surface of the liquid, creating a charge imbalance. This can result in the liquid retaining an electrical charge.

Lightning, which is a visible electric discharge between the clouds or between the clouds and the ground. This discharge of static electricity heats the surrounding air, causing a rapid expansion that creates thunder.

Simple: chalk dust has no magnetic properties whatsoever, and is an insulator. As such, the magnetic field will flow right past it as if it weren't there, so it cannot position itself accordingly.