Germanium

Yes, I am using one in my electronics class currently

An Important Use Of Germanium Is That It's A Semi-Conductor (Semiconductor.) A Semi-Conductor Will Only Conduct Things, Such As Heat, So Well, And Only So Many Of Times You Try.

silicon has a wider bandgap than germenium .silicon jeakage current small, easily available then Ga and break down voltage is more. knee voltage of si is 0.7and Ga is having 0.3then Si is very useful.

The Carbon Family

The cost of germanium varies depending on factors such as purity, quantity, and supplier. As of 2021, the price of germanium is approximately $350-400 per kilogram.

In mid-1885, at a mine near Freiberg, Saxony, a new mineral was discovered and named argyrodite because of the high silver content. The chemist Clemens Winkler analyzed this new mineral, which proved to be a combination of silver, sulfur, and a new element. Winkler was able to isolate the new element in 1886 and found it similar to antimony. Before Winkler published his results on the new element, he decided that he would name his element neptunium, since the recent discovery of planet Neptune in 1846 had been preceded by mathematical predictions of its existence. However, the name "neptunium" had already been given to another proposed chemical element (though not the element that today bears the name neptunium, which was discovered in 1940). So instead, Winkler named the new element germanium (from the Latin word, Germania, for Germany) in honor of his homeland.

If you remove 2 protons from a germanium atom, it would become a gallium atom. Gallium has an atomic number of 31, while germanium has an atomic number of 32.

Silicon and germanium are described as semi-metals because they exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals. They can conduct electricity like metals but are not as efficient as true metals. They also have some nonmetallic characteristics such as brittle structure and lower conductivity compared to true metals.

Germanium is important because it is a semiconductor material used in electronics, such as transistors and diodes. It is also used in fiber-optic systems, infrared optics, and as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions. Additionally, germanium has potential applications in solar energy technology and as a health supplement.

It is used in transistors and other electronic devices.

The noble gas notation for germanium is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2. This notation represents the electron configuration of germanium with the argon noble gas core followed by the valence electrons in the 4s and 4p orbitals.

I think the melting point is 1000 degrees Fahrenheit

Technically, only iron rusts :)

silicon is less sensitive towards temperature.It costs low compared to germanium,

The half-life of 66Ge is 2.26 hours.

AT= A0 2(-T/H)

2 = (64) 2(-12.5/H)

0.03125 = 2(-12.5/H)

ln2(0.03125) = -12.5/H

H = 2.53

Since the calculated value of H (2.53) differs from the established value of H (2.26), there is an experimental error of 0.27, which is actually not too bad.

integrated circuits and components made in GaAs are much faster than silicon because its low field electron mobility is larger than silicon. GaAs has ability to emit light used in leds,lasers and microwave emitter used in cellular phones

Germanium-72 has 32 protons and 40 neutrons. In nuclear physics nomenclature, the number represents the total number of protons and neutrons. Since all germanium isotopes have 32 protons, the remaining value after subtracting 32 is the number of neutrons (ex. 72-32 = 40).

I suggest your local electronics parts jobber, or one of the mail order or internet electronics parts stores (e.g. Mouser, DigiKey, Jameco Electronics).

actually diamond should be much better, if fabrication issues can be solved, it is faster and will operate up to 600ºC junction temperature. Silicon is limited to 150ºC junction temperature and Germanium is limited to 50ºC to 60ºC. Germanium was originally used because it was easiest to purify and process. Silicon is the cheapest material now, it comes from sand and there is no shortage of that.

Forward biase the given diode by using a Variable resistor in the circuit. By adjusting the value of variable resistor you will adjust the voltage being applied to junction diode. First adjust the resistance such that no(negligble) current flows through the circuit. Now start decreasing the value of resistance. Note the voltage across resistor(Vr) when current just starts flowing through the circuit. Then Potential barrier of diode will be: Vb=V-Vr Vb:Barrier Potential V:Battery Voltage Vr:Voltage Drop across resistance when current just starts flowing through the circuit.

Germanium cannot be used in any integrated circuit as its oxide is crumbly and water soluble (unlike silicon's oxide which is hard and stable). The only germanium integrated circuits ever made were very low density and the interconnects between components on the chip had to be done by hand under a microscope.

There has been work done on integrated circuits using a silicon germanium alloy wafer, but this has not produced any production chips yet that I am aware of. If this can be made to work, I see no reason why this material could not be used in VLSI designs and even higher density designs.

In the early 1960s it was, I've seen the devices.

Generally SCR is used at high power applications, in order to withstand the temperature dissipated in the SCR, THERMAL STABILITY is very high enough. It means that thermal stability of silicon is very high compared to germanium that's why germanium is not preferred. But that does not mean it is not possible, in fact before silicon became common in the 1960s devices equivalent to the SCR were built using germanium!