Hydraulics

you can but you'll be buying a new one very shortly afterwards. Use hydraulic fluid. Brake fluid works well also

they are used when a heavy weight has to be lifted, for example, when a car is lifted in a garage so that the mechanic can see the bottom of the car. they can also be used in mountain bikes and car brakes use hydraulics.

Force is equal to pressure times area. By increasing the area of the output force, the force goes way up. This is because water cannot be compressed, and therefore the pressure cannot change. In this way, a hydraulic device works almost like a lever. It increases the area of the output force and therefore decreases the amount of input force needed.

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Normally this is not an option as single phase and three phase motors are built differently it is also very dangerous to try hooking it up this way. You can try taking it to a motor shop and having it rebuilt but the costs associated are really not worth it and most "reputable" motor repair shops will not attempt this. It will be cheaper and cause less problems to just purchase the correct motor for the application. Trying to retrofit anything to something other than its intended purpose is hard, expensive, and dangerous. So once again I would not attempt this.

If the hoses ("tubes") expand, the pressure available at the working device will be lower, reducing the force available. Also, if the hoses are moving around because they are flexible, they are more likely to get worn or damaged.

The brakes in my car are hydraulic.

a solid would simply generates friction much higher than liquids

These days that's no longer always the case. It used to be because as the rail warmed up in the sun it got longer, so gaps was left for the rail to have something to expand into. w/o the gapsor with too small gaps it happened that the rail broke loose from the sleepers and caused the train to derail. To day many railroads are using concrete sleepers, which are strong enough to keep the rails in place w/o any gaps.

One similarity is that they both use fluids. Both gasses and liquids are fluids. the two are also compressible.

As systems, neither one is better than the other. There is no "Better", only "More suitable for a specific purpose." Car tyres are Pneumatic... they're full of air. Air is compressible, which is why it's used. If you filled your car tyres with Hydraulic fluid (which is incompressible) you would not only increase the weight of the tyres dramatically (and hence increase the relative tread-wear), but also make them hard, decreasing their ability to absorb shock. This would defeat many objects in the design of car tyres! The rams on a digger or crane, however, are Hydraulic. They need to be filled with something that is not compressible in order to fulfill their function. If you were to fill the rams on a digger with air the arm would bounce up & down like a yo-yo! Also, at the pressures required by these systems, air would quickly leak from the seals, no matter how tight they were. Hydraulic fluid, being far more viscous than air, however, does not leak under the same conditions. As a rule, Pneumatic systems are employed where a certain amount of "play" or "give" is required, or where the loss of fluid would be undesirable (Air power-tools for example) Hydraulic systems are used when extremely great pressure is needed in order to move something. Hydraulic systems are also easier to control & regulate due to their ability to retain pressure indefinitely. There are many uses for both Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems but because both types have specific roles, there is no saying that one system is better than the other.

Normally using a calibrated bellows or bourdon tube. As pressure is sensed by the device it inflates the tube or bellow which in turn causes the needle to rotate.

Pre-seventies pitot and static systems on aircraft use this very technology to relay information like true air speed to the pilots.

Pneumatic systems use air or an inert gas. Hydraulic systems use water or oil.

It consist of
1.a cylinder with a piston
2.piston rod,connecting rod
3.crank and crank shaft
4.delivery pipe
5.suction pipe
6.delivery valve
7.suction pipe with a foot and filter
During suction stroke the piston moves to the left, causing the inlet valve to open.
 Water is admitted into the cylinder through the inlet valve.
 During the discharge stroke the piston moves to the right closes the suction valve and opens the out let valve.
 Through the outlet valve the volume of liquid moved out of the cylinder.

there are three basic means of power transmission

mechanical

electrical and

fluid power

All these three are power transmission mediums

mechanical - short distance very advantageous.

electrical - long distance eg: hundreds of kilometres of electric grids.

hydraulics - greater distance than the mechanical and shorter than the electrical

They mostly substitute the mechanical power transmitters.

Here there are no moving links as in mechanical medium only moving medium that is fluid.

very high force multiplication possible.

only fluid power capable of giving constant force or torque output at various speeds.

they have very high power to weight ratio than there mechanical counterparts.

a simple, compact, reliable, safe system possible only with fluid power.

their control is very simple.

oil is used in industrial hydraulic system because

there is a fill point on the cylinder itself, the manual says to keep in an upright position but i just did it on the ground. i thought at first it was either the flat-head cap or the hex-key but those are NOT it!! those are adjustments and the hex-key contains ball-bearings!! (if you have happened to take them off and tip it sideways and the bearings fall out, the smaller bearing goes in first ;) lol ) I also found it easier to put the handle back in, with the jack all the way lowered let the handle drop to the ground, on the cylinder you will see a little "hump", that is the fill spot, it's just a rubber plug painted silver to match the jack. i used a flat-head to pop it off, i just guessed on how much to put in, i think i added a quarter qt bottle, otherwise put the plug back in and test it after adding so much at a time.

(note, it will still jack slow if there is no load (weight) on it, also if it jacks up fine but takes a long time to release or go down, that's a sign of "over-filling"- try to avoid that and empty some out if that happens)

n electrical regulator by using resistance the output voltage is varied simultaneously the speed is varied... But to reduce the the energy loses in the resistor, electronic regulator is introduced,which uses triac to vary the output voltage by varying the firing angle.Which avoids lose of energy in resistor...

There is no such thing as "hydraulic cylinder jacks". Hydraulic cylinder is different from hydraulic jacks.

A hydraulic cylinder is a linear actuator used for converting fluid energy to an output force in a linear direction for performing various jobs. These include: pulling or pushing in engineering applications such as in machine tools, earth moving equipments, construction equipments and space applications.

Jacks are portable devices used for raising heavy objects by means of force applied with a lever or screw. The hydraulic jacks are compact and lightweight units that are used for lifting capacities. They offer easy operation and are fast acting components. The hydraulic jacks come with inbuilt release pedal for rapid lowering and lugs that make it easy to mount. The heavy duty chassis prevents the jack from twisting or bending and foot pump provides fast lift to the load. It also has a safety overload valve that prevents overloading beyond rated capacity.

Elevator Counterweight = Half of Elevator Maximum Capacity + Cab Weight

For eg: 10passenger Elevator = 10*80 = 800Kgs

Counter Weight is 800/2 = 400Kgs + Cab Weight

This is just to create a imbalance between Elevator cab and counterweight in order to save power in the drive.

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as a safer side working max. 600 bar depending upon hyd. Pump capacity available with you.

Hydraulic fluid pressure cylinder with one hand and moving the piston to produce work.

Turbulent viscosity is a value which is assumed to be equal in all directions.

It is the same as Eddy Viscosity

This is a measure of a fluid which is being deformed by stress. The fact that it is turbulent just means it is changing so the internal friction or viscosity is changing constantly and this is why it is called turbulent. the internal friction is the friction within the object hence the term internal however this friction derives from the force of the fluid acting on the object. E.G if air is your fluid surrounding the object and the object is experiencing a change in the velocity of the air it will be exposed to a different amount of stress and will therefore have a different value for internal friction.