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Immune System
This category is for questions about how our bodies identify and fight off disease, infection or pathogens through specialized cells, tissues and organs. The system that does this is called the immune system. It produces antibodies which recognize intruders and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.
4,548 Questions
How is the immunogenicity determined?
if the antigen is more foreign , then the immunogenicity is high
if the immune response is high, then the immunogenicity is also high
Immunogenicity of Antigens :
•Determined by
-Foreignness
-Molecular Size
-Chemical Composition
-Degradability
•Influenced by
-Host genotype
-Dose and route of administration
-Presence of adjuvants
What 4 barriers prrven pathogens form getting into the body?
they are:
- skin
- breathing passages
- saliva in your mouth
- bacteria in your stomach
In transmission where is a locus where a pathogen can enter?
In medicine, the locus where a pathogen can enter would be any part of the body or surface that is moist. This includes the eyes, the nose and the mouth.
How can granulocytes be identified from agranulocytes?
Granulocytes can be identified when their cytoplasmic granules are stained with Wright's stain. Agranulocytes do not have cytoplasmic granules so they will not have stained granules.
What is the scientific name for elbow?
the scientific name for the skin on the elbow is called a weenis. The name of the actual elbow (meaning the pointy part you can see) is called the olecranon.
DIPG is Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. This rare tumor of the brainstem typically occurs in children between the ages of 4 and 9, although it can occur in younger children, older children, and rarely in adults. Children in the "typical" age range have a very poor prognosis, typically surviving 9 months to 18 months after diagnosis. There is no cure. Treatment usually includes a six week course of radiation. No other therapy has been proven effective, although there have been numerous clinical trials. After radiation, many children experience a "honeymoon" period of between 3 and 9 months, with significant reduction and sometimes complete absence of symptoms. Usually tumor growth begins again after that time, and the children die within months.
There are no precise statistics on the incidence of DIPG. The most commonly cited statistic is an incidence of about 200 cases per year in the United States.
Do antibodies directly attack T cells?
No, antibodies don´t attack T-cells, there is an autoimmune disease called antiphospholipd abtibody syndrome which is an autoimmune disorders occur if the body's immune system makes antibodies unable to recognize the foreign agent that might be harmful to cells and makes the T-cells attack and damage tissues or cells.
Do lymphocytes spend little time in the blood?
Lymphocytes recirculate between the lymph and blood; so yes, they do.
Can humans drink whiskas cat milk?
Yes. It is just regular cows milk with added nutrients in it. It actually tastes quite nice!
How are agglutinins like security guards?
As they are type of antibody they are known as securitygaurd
What aftercare should be given with the antinuclear antibody test?
Discomfort or bruising may occur at the puncture site or the person may feel dizzy or faint. Pressure to the puncture site until the bleeding stops reduces bruising. Warm packs relieve discomfort.
A type of immunity that defends against specific pathogens and gradually builds up resistance to it?
It is an acquired immunity
a carrier
What are antybodies and how do they work?
Antibodies are natural part of our immune system,also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large Y-shape protein produced by plasma cells they fight foreign substances or antigenes, killing bacteria, viruses, or infected cells.
Lymphocytes are one type of white blood cell play a role in immune system, and two major classes of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells. the B cell can only make antibodies when it receives the appropriate command signal from a T cell. Once the T cell signals the B cell with a type of cytokine messenger molecule, the B cell is able to produce a unique antibody that targets a particular antigen (protein on the cell surface).
Although antibodies can recognize an antigen and lock onto it, they are not capable of destroying it without help. Specific T cells, also called "killer cells" are part of the system that destroys antigens that have been tagged by antibodies. Antibodies can activate a group of proteins called complement that are also part of the immune system.
What if you stop taking your medicine Rebif?
I I want to stop taking my Multiple Sclerosis medicine Rebif. What will happen?
What are four barriers to pathogens entering the body. why are they important?
they are:
- skin
- breathing passages
- bacteria in your stomach
- saliva in your mouth
they are important because they prevent infections and viruses for going through.
Can an antibody penetrate the host cell to bind intracellular antigen?
The majority of antibodies bind secreted or membrane bound antigens and do not penetrate cells. Antibodies can be taken up into cells via endocytosis. However, a subset of autoantibodies isolated from autoimmune diseases in humans and mouse models are able to penetrate cells and bind to their antigen in the cytoplasm or nucleus (e.g. anti-DNA autoantibodies).
What is plasmapheresis used for?
is used to remove antibodies from the bloodstream, thereby preventing them from attacking their targets. It does not directly affect the immune system's ability to make more antibodies, and therefore may only offer temporary benefit.
