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Immune System
This category is for questions about how our bodies identify and fight off disease, infection or pathogens through specialized cells, tissues and organs. The system that does this is called the immune system. It produces antibodies which recognize intruders and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.
4,548 Questions
What blood cell can become an antibody-secreting cell is?
The cell which can secret antibody are called B-Lymphocytes. Those cells are generally called as B-Cells.
What is the effect of HIV on lymphocytes?
The circulatory system being one of the 11 organ systems in the body plays a vital role in the transfer of blood to other parts of the body. HIV, being a virus that effects the body, will be transferred into our blood and body. The circulatory system transfers that "dirty" blood to the rest of the body. The immune system is generally weaker when HIV is formed. Therefore, if people with HIV act upon quickly for treatment then AIDS won't be formed.
protect yourself against moskitoes bites is the most recommended for most bloodborne diseases such as malaria and hepatitis. HIV is another form not transmitted by moskitoes and to prevent from such disease, other precautions are taken.
Why don't microbes become covered in antibodies as soon as they are found?
the blood cycles round the body one way so the antibodies have to go all the way around the body until they get to the microbe which could take a long time.
Has no antigen
in many textbooks it will state "no A-antigen and no B-antigen"(which imply the possibility of some other antigen) and some will even say, "no antigen" (which is true; antigens are things that attach to antigen binding sites, thus, if it does not fit any antigen binding sites, it is technically not a antigen but merely a "enzyme/protein") but this is just to reduce unnecessary and irrelevant information; they are only concerned about A-antibody, B-antibody, A-antigen, and B-antigen. Nonetheless, know that there are in fact antigens on o blood cells, they are just inactive.
My guess is, N acetyl glactosamine on A antigen and Galactose on B antigens are Epitopes (: a small specific regions on antigens that are bound by the antigen receptors on lymphocytes and by secreted antibodies.) Antigens without epitopes will not be detected by antigen binding sites.
What virus in the body attacks the cells in the immune system that produce antibodies?
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, is the virus that attacks the cells in the immune system that produce antibodies.
What do lymphocytes do in the human body?
Lymphocytes are a type of small white blood cell present in the human immune system. These small cells play a very large and important role in fighting diseases in the human body. There are basically two types of lymphocyte cells: B-cells and T-cells. B-cells are responsible for creating antibodies that attack bacteria, infectious microorganisms, and other foreign matter. T-cells have the job of fighting the bodies OWN cells that have been taken over by viruses or cancerous cells (malignancy). The absence of lymphocytes in the human immune system allow our bodies to become more susceptible to infections and disease and weakens immune response.
What occurs when the immune system mounts a significant attack against the donated tissue?
The body triggers an immune reaction in response to a transplanted organ, since the recipient's body does not recognise the organ as part of itself. i.e the DNA of the transplanted organ, and the DNA of the person do not match (unless they are identical twins); the recipient's immune system reacts against the new DNA and attempts to 'kill it off'; similar to how the human immune system reacts to cold and 'flu virus' (which are made of something called RNA, not DNA) . This response is called "organ rejection"- the patient's body rejects the transplanted organ. Organ rejection is usually preventable by taking a type of drug called an "immunosuppressant".
What bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response?
The Fab portion of the antibody is what determines the idiotype. The Fab portion consists of both a heavy and light chain and is connected to the Fc region (isotype). Every B cell will express a different Fab structure and in a single B cell it will produce only the same Fab.
What cells response to an invading virus that the body has already been vaccinated against?
Antibodies
Despite the name, metaphyiscs isn't phyiscs. But perhaps what you're looking for is what's called the philosophy of science. You'll get a feeling for this if you study the early history of science. I recommend the recorded lectures of Dr. Lawrence Principe, produced by The Teaching Company. I have not yet started his series on the History of Science, but his set on Science and Religion was superb.
Does pregnancy weaken your immune system?
No. Immunity has nothing to do with getting pregnant and you wrote your tubes were tied so you CAN NOT get pregnant. That is the purpose of getting them tied so the ovum can't be reached by the sperm.
Which leukocytes release histamine during the inflammatory response?
Actualy white blood cells release histamine.
What could blisters on the tongue be caused from?
Blood blisters on the tongue can be caused by many different things. Some include trauma or injury to the area, biting your tongue, or an infection.
What relationship does immune system have with other body system?
The lymphatic system works with the immune system.
The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels and
lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, bone marrow)
The functions of this system include absorption of excess fluid and its return to the bloodstream, absorption of fat (in the villi of the small intestine), and
the immune system function (help defend the body against disease).
Examples of how lymphatic system helps the immune system:
Bone marrow contains tissue that produces lymphocytes , which are white blood cells that mediate the immune response.
Lymph nodes are concentrated with lymphocytes and macrophages(white blood cells)
What did edward Jenner do to find a cure for smallpox?
No: he created a vaccine against smallpox. This eventually resulted in the successful Intensified Smallpox Eradication Programme, involving the extensive distribution of the vaccine. In July 1978, the World Health Organization announced the successful eradication of the smallpox strain Variola Minor. The last natural case of the more deadly strain, Variola Major, had occurred several years earlier, in 1975.
What should you do with your toenail clippings?
By eating them, I suppose. The word "recycle" doesn't really mean anything in this context.
What evidence did edward Jenner get to show that his idea was right?
He tested it on an 8 year old boy and on some of his children.
What are the similarities between specific and non specific immune responses?
Both involve white blood cells
Both responses have means of killing invading cells like bacteria or parasites
What is the process of a vaccination?
It's the injection (or the ingestion [swallowing]) of a related virus, a damaged virus, or a dead virus.
Your body will respond (makes antibodies and white cells to attack them) and hopefully you will be "immune" to the "true" virus if it should attack you at some later date.
What is serology in immunology?
Serology (ser -> serum; ology -> study of) is the set of experiments and tests that can be done using serum.
Serum is the non-cellular component of blood. That is, it's the liquid (with all its lipids and proteins) that is left over after all the red and white blood cells have been removed.
Serology could involve the measurement of antibody titers (amounts) or cytokine concentrations.
How do antibodies fight micro-organisms?
Yes. Antibodies are designed to kill microorganisms like virus and bacteria that infect us. The human body has its natural defense mechanism comprising of the WBCs (White Blood Cells) which fight against these microbes if they enter our body. The WBCs are able to defend us against most simple microbes. Certain microbes are pretty strong and when our WBCs are unable to destroy them, that is when we get infections like fever or flu or any other infection. During such situations, doctors administer us with antibodies that can help our soldiers (WBCs) fight against these invading microbes and destroy them which brings us back to good health.
