Israel

A religion can only be founded in one place. Judaism was not an expansionist religion seeking converts. It stayed in a very small enclave until it was brought to other regions through deportations and forced exoduses.

If you meant to ask "Why is Judaism found in Israel and not in most other Middle East countries?" see the Related Question below.

There are a vast number of effects of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. The list below is not exhaustive.

Israel

• The existence of the State of Israel is a direct result of the Arab-Israeli Conflict
• The Israeli War Budget and Compulsory Military Service
• The Expansion of Israel from the 1947 UN Resolution Boundaries to the 1949 Armistice boundaries to the the 1967 Six-Day War boundaries to the 1973 Yom Kippur War boundaries.
• The Contraction of Israel in 1982 (giving up Sinai)
• The Israeli Occupation of Southern Lebanon (1981-2000) and the two Israeli engagements in Lebanon.
• The Israeli Alliance with Iran (1948-1979), Turkey (1949-2010?), Egypt (1979-Present), Jordan (1994-Present), and the United States and Western Countries.
• The Lack of major Israeli-Arab trade even though they are neighbors.
• The Annexation of East Jerusalem, the Golan Heights, and the city of Ghajar.
• The Military Occupation of the West Bank and Blockade of Gaza
• The Relinquishing of Gaza and portions of the the West Bank to the Palestinian Authority

Palestine

• The lack of existence of the State of Palestine as a fully sovereign and internationally recognized state is a direct result of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (both by Israel and by Jordan and Egypt)
• The Palestinian Exodus from the former British Mandate of Palestine
• The Palestinian Refugee Displacement and Diaspora
• The Arab-Palestinian Conflict (typically refugee camp disputes that became massacres)
• Jordanian and Egyptian Annexation of Palestinian territories (1949-1967) and denial of Palestinian self-rule up to the Israeli conquest of those regions.
• The formation of the PLO and the numerous police actions brought against it by Arab States
• Around 18% of Israelis being ethnically Palestinian.
• The first Intifada and the Israeli Recriminations
• The Relinquishing of Gaza and portions of the the West Bank to the Palestinian Authority
• The second Intifada and the Israeli Recriminations
• The Palestinian Civil War of 2007 that separated Gaza (under the control of democratically-elected Hamas) from the provisional West Bank territories (under the control of Western-supported Fatah)
• Constant belligerence between Gaza and Israel since the Palestinian Civil War and Operation Cast Lead
• The pervasive loss of land due to Israeli Settlements in the West Bank and formerly (they were removed by Israel in 2005) in the Gaza Strip.

Egypt

• The Rise of Arab Socialism and Nasserism were indirectly a result of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Nasser provided a new way to deal with Middle East policy for Egypt)
• The loss and recovery of Sinai from Israel twice (1956-1957, 1967-1982)
• Normalization of ties with Israel (1979) after bitter defeats or stalemates in previous wars
• Military Alliance with Israel in the aftermath of the Peace Treaty and especially after the Palestinian Civil War
• Palestinian Refugee Camps in Egypt
• Assassination of President Anwar Sadat and one of several reasons for popular dissatisfaction with President Hosni Mubarak (the economy was a bigger issue)

Jordan

• Massive influx of Palestinians in the aftermath of the Arab-Israeli War of 1948-9
• Gave citizenship to many Palestinian refugees, making 60% of Jordanian citizens ethnic Palestinians
• Lost the West Bank to Israel in 1967
• Suppressed the Black September Palestinian Uprising in 1970
• Made peace with Israel in light of the Oslo Accords of 1993 conditioned on further negotiations with the Palestinians and dropped its claim to the West Bank
• Fruitful trade and peace with Israel (1994-Present)
• Assisted negotiations between Israel and Fatah

Syria

• Massive influx of Palestinians in the aftermath of the Arab-Israeli War of 1948-9
• Loss of the Golan Heights in 1967 and the Syrian internal displacement (Syrians fleeing the Golan to the remainder of Syria)
• The establishment of the UNDOF demilitarized zone in 1973
• The tragedy of the Syrian Druze (some are in Israeli-occupied territory and some are in Syria, but they cannot travel)
• Headquarters of Hamas and Hezbollah in Damascus
• No diplomatic relations between Syria and Israel

Lebanon

• Massive influx of Palestinians in the aftermath of the Arab-Israeli War of 1948-9
• Numerous conflicts and massacres between Lebanese and Palestinians in Lebanon
• Israeli, PLO, and Syrian participation in the Lebanese Civil War
• Israeli Jewish and Lebanese Christian Alliances and the assassination of Gemayel
• Israeli and Syrian occupation of Lebanon from 1982 until 2000 and 2007 respectively
• 2006 War between Israel and Hezbollah destroyed South Lebanon
• No diplomatic relations between Lebanon and Israel and no person with an Israeli passport stamp is allowed in Lebanon

Turkey

• Allied with Israel as early as 1949 against the Arab States
• Placed Turkey in an interesting position as one of the few Muslim-majority countries allied with Israel
• The Arab-Israeli Conflict causes much turmoil and controversy in Turkey
• The Mavi Marmara Incident which cooled Israeli-Turkish relations

Iran

• Strategic anti-Arab Israeli-Iranian Alliance (1948-1979) which resulted in large petroleum commerce between Iran and Israel
• The resentment of the Iranian population towards Israel on account of the war and the above-mentioned alliance being connected to the Shah
• Since 1979, an attempt by Iran to use the Arab-Israeli Conflict to create alliances with other Arab states and spawn several militant organizations.
• Iranian-Syrian Shi'a Alliance (1979-Present)
• Iranian support and backing of Hezbollah (1980s to Present)
• Iranian desire for nuclear weapons to counter Israel's arsenal and all of the sanctions and international ostracism that comes from that desire

United States

• Alliance with Israel (1949-1967), Top-Level Alliance with Israel (1967-Present)
• The United States was able to use the Arab-Israeli Conflict to reposition itself as the strongest power in the Middle East after 1956 (removing the United Kingdom from that position)
• Military, diplomatic, technological, economic, and other trade increasing between Israel and the United States
• United States Aid to Egypt in the wake of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Peace treaty
• Aid to a number of Arab countries due to their poverty.

Soviet Union/Russia

• Initial Alliance with Israel (1948-1953) which was rescinded when it became clear that Israel would not be a Communist country
• Arms supplier to the Arab States and the dumping ground of many ex-Russian military devices such as machineguns, missiles, tanks, and fighter planes.
• Soviet/Russian attempts to prevent Western intervention in the Middle East

Jacob, who was renamed Israel by God (Genesis ch.35). He raised his twelve sons, who later became the ancestors of the twelve Israelite Tribes.

Jacob, son of Isaac, was the last of the Patriarchs (Talmud, Berakhot 16b). He spent a lot of time in the tents (Genesis 25:27) studying his ancestors' teachings (Rashi commentary, ibid.); and eventually, like Abraham and Isaac before him, attained prophecy, in which God confirmed His covenant and promised His protection (Genesis 28:10-15).

When the opportunity presented itself, Jacob asked his elder twin brother Esau to sell him his birthright (Genesis 25:29:34), since he sensed that Esau wasn't pious enough to fully deserve it. Thus began the fulfillment of the prophecy which Rebecca had heard, that Jacob would become the dominant of her two sons (Genesis 25:22-23).

Jacob's life was replete with tribulations (Rashi commentary, Genesis 43:14). He managed to come out ahead despite the wiles of the deceitful Laban (Genesis 29:25 and 31:41) and the danger presented by the angry Esau (Genesis 27:41 and 32:12).

There were painful events with his daughter Dinah (Genesis 34:1-7) and with his being separated for two decades from his beloved son, Joseph (Genesis ch.37); and his wife Rachel died at a young age in childbirth (Genesis 35:16-19).

These troubles were a portent for the tribulations of the Jews in their times of exile. But Jacob received God's affirmation of His covenant and blessing (Genesis 28:13-14; 35:9-12; 46:2-4), signifying that the exile would eventually end. God gave Jacob the honor-title of Israel, indicating his eventual ascendancy (Genesis ch.35).

Jordan and Israel do not have any conflict over the River Jordan. Moreover, these two countries signed the "Peace Treaty in 1994" and currently, they do not fight over anything at all, solving any possible disputes and disagreements in a civilized and peaceful manner. In Article 6 of the Peace Treaty and in the posterior and additional articles, Israel and Jordan elaborated the mode of how each side will use the River Jordan as well as other water supplies, and stipulated the following:

Article 6: Water resources

Recognizing the rightful water allocations of both of them in the Jordan River and Yarmouk River waters and Arabah (Arava) ground water and development of new water resources.

Annex II Water Related Matters

Pursuant to Article 6 of the Treaty, Jordan and Israel agreed on the following Articles on water related matters:

Article I: Allocation

Water from the Yarmouk River

A. Summer period - 15 May to 15 October of each year. Israel got 12 million cubic metres and Jordan got the rest of the flow.

B. Winter period - 16 October to 14 May of each year. Israel got 13 million cubic metres and Jordan got the rest of the flow except that Jordan allowed Israel to pump an additional 20 million cubic metres from the Yarmouk. In return during the summer Israel transferred the quantity specified in paragraph 2.a below from the Jordan River.

C. To minimize water waste, Jordan and Israel could use excess flood water that would evidently go unused that is downstream of Adassiya Diversion/point 121.

Water from the Jordan River

A. Summer period - 15 May to 15 October of each year. Israel agreed to transfer 20 million cubic metres from the Jordan River directly upstream from Deganya gates. Jordan agreed to pay operation and maintenance cost of transfers through existing systems (not including capital costs) and to bear the total cost of any new transmission system. A separate protocol regulated this transfer.

B. Winter period - 16 October to 14 May of each year. Jordan was entitled to a minimum average of 20 million cubic metres of the floods in the Jordan River south of the Yarmouk. Unusable excess floods that would otherwise be unused, including pumped storage could be taken.

C. Israel could maintain its uses of Jordan River waters between the Yarmouk and Wadi Yabis/Tirat Zvi. Jordan was entitled to an annual quantity equivalent to that of Israel, provided that Jordan's use did not harm the quantity or quality of Israeli uses. The Joint Water Committee was to document existing uses and prevent such harm.

D. Jordan became entitled to 10 million cubic metres annually of desalinated water from saline springs previously diverted to the Jordan River. Israel agreed to explore the possibility of financing the operation and maintenance cost supplying this desalinated water to Jordan (not including capital cost). Israel agreed to supply Jordan 10 million cubic metres water from the same location as in 2.a above, outside the summer period and during dates Jordan selected, subject to transmission capacity from the treaty's effective date (TED) until the desalination facilities became operational.

Additional Water

Jordan and Israel agreed to jointly develop an additional 50 million cubic metres/year of drinkable water for Jordan. The Joint Water Committee agreed to develop, within one year of the TED, a plan to supply the additional water.

Operation and Maintenance

A. Israel accepted responsibility for operating, supplying and maintaining systems on Israeli territory that supply Jordan with water, allowing Jordan to choose (and compensate) companies/authorities that operate and maintain new systems that serve only Jordan.

B. Israel guaranteed easy access for personnel and equipment to such new systems as further detailed in the agreements to be signed between Israel and the authorities or companies selected by Jordan.

Article II: Storage - The parties agreed to

1. Cooperate to build a diversion/storage dam on the Yarmouk River directly downstream of Adassiya Diversion/point 121.

2. Improve diversion efficiency of Jordanian water into the King Abdullah Canal, and possibly Israel's allocation.

3. Cooperate to build water storage on the Jordan River, along their common boundary, between the Yarmouk River and Wadi Yabis/Tirat Zvi, to implement paragraph 2.b of Article I.

4. Accommodate more floods; Israel could use up to (3) million cubic metres/year of added storage.

5. Optionally agree to create other storage reservoirs.

Article III: Water Quality and Protection - the parties agreed to

1. Protect the Jordan and Yarmouk Rivers, and Araba/Arava groundwater, against pollution, contamination, harm and unauthorized withdrawals of each other's allocations.

2. Jointly monitor the quality of water along their border, via jointly established monitoring stations under the Joint Water Committee.

3. Treat municipal and industrial wastewater to agricultural standards before discharging into the Yarmouk and the Jordan Rivers...

4. ...within three years from the TED.

5. Match the quality of water supplied to the other at any given location to the quality of water from that location consumed by the supplying country.

6. Desalinate saline springs currently diverted to the Jordan River and not dispose of the resulting brine in the Jordan River or its tributaries. Protect water systems that supply water to the other against any pollution, contamination, harm or unauthorized withdrawal.

Article IV: Groundwater in Wadi Araba/Emek Ha'arava - The parties agree that

1. Israel retained the use of wells along with their associated systems newly under Jordanian sovereignty as detailed by 31 December 1994 with Jordan to protect their yields and quality.

2. Jordan would enable the replacement of any failing well, connect it to the Israeli electricity and water systems and treat it as though it was drilled under license from the competent Jordanian authority at the time of its drilling. Israel agreed to supply Jordan with well logs and technical information.

3. Israel could increase the extraction rate from Jordanian wells and systems by up to (10) million cubic metres/year above existing yields, subject to determination by the Joint Water Committee that this undertaking is hydrogeologically feasible and does not harm existing uses. Such an increase had to be carried out within five years from the TED.

4. Operation and Maintenance 1. Jordan accepted responsibility for operation and maintenance of newly Jordanian wells and systems, and their electricity supply. Israel could select the wells' operators at its own expense.2. Jordan guaranteed easy access of personnel and equipment to the wells and systems for operation and maintenance subject to detailed agreements to be signed between Jordan and the authorities or companies selected by Israel.

Article V: Notification and Agreement

1. Deliberate changes in the Jordan and Yarmouk Rivers require mutual agreement.

2. Each country agreed to six months advance notice of projects likely to change the quality or flow of either river along their common boundary via the Joint Water Committee.

Article VI: Co-operation - The parties agreed to

1. Exchange relevant data on water resources through the Joint Water Committee.

2. Cooperative planning for increasing water supplies and improving efficiency, within the context of bilateral, regional or international cooperation.

Article VII: Joint Water Committee - The parties agree that the committee would

1. Host three members from each country.

2. Follow government-agreed work procedures, meeting frequency and scope, consulting experts and/or advisors as necessary.

3. Could form, as necessary, sub-committees and assign them technical tasks, including a northern sub-committee and a southern sub-committee, for detailed management.

According to tradition, the events described below happened in (or shortly after) 796 BCE. Non-traditional opinions place it about 150 years earlier.

Rehoboam's father, King Solomon, had levied relatively heavy taxes, which had been used for such large-scale endeavors as building the First Temple. After Solomon's death, the people approached his son Rehav'am (Rehoboam) and asked that he lower the taxes. He ignored the counsel of his elder advisers and refused the people's request. This led the Ten Tribes to turn away from him (1 Kings ch.12).The background reason was because King Solomon had been less than perfectly righteous. This led God to punish him by diminishing his dynasty in the lifetime of his son (Rehoboam). 1 Kings ch.11.

A deeper reason is that God wanted the more righteous people of Judah to be influenced by the Ten Tribes as little as possible.

See also:

Solomon's errors

Jewish history timeline

DATE Day PERIOD operation hours

03/29/2010 Monday Passover eve Until 12:00

03/30/2010 Tuesday Passover Closed

03/31/2010 Wednesday Intermediate day of passover until 12:00

04/01/2010 Thursday Intermediate day of passover until 12:00

04/02/2010 Friday Intermediate day of passover *until 12:00

04/04/2010 Sunday Intermediate day of passover **until 12:00

04/05/2010 Monday 7th day of passover closed

Key

* Except for Branchers which are not normally open on Friday throughout the year

**Except for Branchers which are not open on operation hours

The two tribes, Judah and Benjamin, were collectively called Judah or Judea. See also:

More about the split