Laboratory Testing

Microcentrifuges are primarily used for quick spinning down of small volumes of liquids to separate components based on their densities. They are commonly used in molecular biology, biochemistry, and clinical diagnostics for tasks such as pelleting DNA/RNA/proteins, isolating cellular components, and purifying samples. They are also used for quick and efficient mixing of reagents in small volumes.

The fluorescein test works by applying a solution of fluorescein dye to a suspected bloodstain. The dye binds to the hemoglobin in the blood sample, creating a fluorescent reaction when exposed to specific wavelengths of light. This reaction produces a bright green fluorescence under ultraviolet light, allowing forensic analysts to identify and detect bloodstains that may not be visible to the naked eye.

Blood and urine tests are commonly used to determine metal levels in the human body. Hair analysis can also be used to detect long-term exposure to certain metals. Tissue biopsies may be necessary in cases of suspected metal toxicity or accumulation in specific organs.

Yes, fasting is required for certain blood tests, such as fasting blood sugar or lipid profile tests, to get accurate results. It is recommended to fast for 8-12 hours before these tests by not eating or drinking anything besides water. Be sure to follow your healthcare provider's instructions for fasting before your blood test.

The woman would have blood type A. A genotype of IA indicates the presence of the A antigen on red blood cells.

Not necessarily. The blood type of a first born baby can be the same as the mother's, but it can also be different if the baby inherits a different blood type allele from the father. The baby's blood type is determined by a combination of the parents' blood types.

A purple top tube is typically used for an EDTA blood test, which is used for testing whole blood for hematology studies. It is commonly used for complete blood counts (CBC) and blood cell indices.

The most common test to be drawn in the lavender tube is a complete blood count (CBC), which includes measurements of red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets.

The person's immune system would recognize the type A positive blood as foreign and mount an immune response. This can lead to a severe transfusion reaction, including symptoms such as fever, chills, and potentially life-threatening complications like organ damage. The incompatible blood transfusion could trigger a hemolytic reaction due to the presence of antibodies targeting the foreign blood cells.

A basic metabolic panel blood test typically includes measurements of glucose, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate), kidney function markers (creatinine and blood urea nitrogen), and sometimes liver function markers (albumin and total protein). These tests help assess overall health by providing information about blood sugar levels, electrolyte balance, and kidney function.

Assuming the nerve endings are attached to a living person, bare, exposed, or cut nerve endings relay impulses to the brain that are interpreted as "severe, extreme pain". Nerve pain can include anything from severe burning, aching, throbbing, tingling, crawling, etc. Some people feel "numbness".

An exposed nerve fiber in a tissue or nerve specimen sent to a lab doesn't "feel"; we need the attachment to the brain and interpretation of impulses to classify negative or positive sensations. However, nerves in a lab can still carry an impulse, such as an electrical current.

It's best to avoid alcohol before a blood test for potassium levels, as alcohol consumption can affect the accuracy of the results. It's always a good idea to follow any instructions given by your healthcare provider regarding fasting or special dietary restrictions before a blood test.

In a toxicology report, 135 could refer to a specific substance or compound that has been detected in the patient's sample. The number typically represents the concentration or amount of that substance present in the sample, which can help determine the potential impact on the individual's health. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider or toxicologist for a full interpretation of the results.

A lavender (purple) top tube is typically used for LH (luteinizing hormone) testing.

The color tube for iron studies is typically a lavender or purple top tube, which contains the anticoagulant EDTA. This type of tube is used to preserve the sample for analysis of iron levels in the blood.

A green-top tube (heparin) is typically used for collecting blood samples for a renal function panel. However, it is always recommended to check with the specific laboratory or healthcare provider for their preferred tube color and collection procedures.

We centrifuge a urine sample to separate the liquid portion (urine) from any solid components (sediment). This helps to examine the urine sediment under a microscope to check for cells, crystals, bacteria, and other particles that may indicate a health condition.

A lavender-top tube is typically used for CD4 cell count testing.

The top tube used for a hepatic function panel is typically a gold or tiger top tube. These tubes contain a gel separator and clot activator, which help separate serum from the blood cells and promote clotting. They are used to collect blood samples for liver function tests as they preserve the serum for analysis.

The Kell family of antigens found on red blood cells have been associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions and with hemolytic disease. Individuals lacking a specific Kell antigen and having a blood transfusion may experience destruction of the new cells by hemolysis. To avoid this, they must be transfused with blood from donors who are also K0. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia may also occur when the body produces an antibody against a K blood group antigen on its own red blood cells, leading to destruction of the red blood cells with resulting anemia.

A red and black tube is commonly used for laboratory experiments to store and transport liquids. The colors may indicate specific materials that the tube is compatible with or marking for easy identification. It can also be used in medical settings for collecting and storing blood samples.

A deficient amount of potassium in the blood is known as hypokalemia. This condition can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramping, fatigue, and irregular heart rhythms. Treatment may involve dietary changes or potassium supplements.

Sugar alcohols are a type of low-calorie sweetener commonly used in sugar-free mints. They provide sweetness without causing a spike in blood sugar levels, making them a popular choice for individuals watching their sugar intake. Some commonly used sugar alcohols in mints include sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol.

Your baby could be either blood group A positive or B positive. Since the mother is O positive, she can only pass on an O allele. The father, being AB positive, can pass on either an A or B allele. So, the baby can inherit either blood type A or B from the father, making the baby either blood type A positive or B positive.

For protein electrophoresis, a clear or colorless test tube is typically used. This allows for easy visualization of the protein bands after electrophoresis is complete. Any other colored test tube could interfere with accurate observation and analysis of the results.