Learning Theories

Teachers must be aware of the hidden curriculum because it shapes students' social and cultural understanding, influences behavior and attitudes, and can perpetuate inequalities or biases. Being sensitive to the hidden curriculum allows teachers to create inclusive and equitable learning environments that support all students.

The curriculum in use is a set of planned activities and content that outlines what students are expected to learn in a specific educational program or institution. It typically includes subjects, topics, learning objectives, assignments, assessments, and instructional methods to guide teaching and learning.

Educational technology involves using technology to enhance teaching and learning, while instructional technology focuses on designing and implementing instructional materials and resources. Technology integration in education refers to incorporating technology across curriculum to improve student learning outcomes. Educational media, on the other hand, involves the use of various forms of media to support educational goals. Together, these concepts intersect to create a comprehensive approach to leveraging technology for educational purposes.

Maria Montessori first used her teaching principles on children with disabilities in a mental institution in Rome in the early 1900s. Her methods focused on providing individualized learning experiences and promoting independence in children.

Principles of learning are fundamental concepts and guidelines that govern how people acquire knowledge and develop skills. These principles help educators understand how individuals learn best and guide them in designing effective teaching strategies and learning environments. Examples include active engagement, practice and repetition, feedback, and meaningful connection to prior knowledge.

"Curriculum is a standards-based sequence of planned experiences where students practice and achieve proficiency in content and applied learning skills." - Google

Communities play a crucial role in curriculum development by providing insight into the needs, interests, and values of the local population. They can contribute to the creation of culturally relevant and engaging curriculum that aligns with the community's goals and priorities. Involving community members in curriculum development also fosters collaboration, partnership, and a sense of ownership over the educational process.

Preschool teachers typically follow a structured process in planning, preparing, and implementing the weekly curriculum. They start by setting learning objectives based on developmental milestones, gather necessary materials, create lesson plans with various activities, and finally deliver these activities in an engaging and age-appropriate manner. Throughout the week, teachers assess and adapt the curriculum to suit the needs and interests of the children in their care.

A rhetorical curriculum is an educational framework that focuses on teaching students communication skills, critical thinking, and persuasive strategies through the study of rhetoric. It emphasizes understanding how language and communication shape perceptions and influence behavior. Students learn to analyze and create persuasive texts and arguments effectively.

The overt curriculum refers to the official or formal curriculum that is explicitly defined by an educational institution. It includes the stated goals, objectives, content, and assessments that are planned and documented in the curriculum. It is what is intended to be taught and learned within a specific educational program.

The IPC is a preschool curriculum from the USA that is adopted by schools on 6 continents. It offers preschool centers and home based study groups with 7 content learning areas and has many learning objectives to ensure that its standards are easily validated by teachers or parents.

Other agencies, such as education boards, assessment bodies, and government bodies, play a role in curriculum implementation by setting standards, providing guidelines, monitoring progress, and ensuring compliance with educational policies. They may also provide resources, support professional development, and facilitate communication among stakeholders to enhance the overall effectiveness of the curriculum implementation process.

OJT stands for on-the-job training, which is a method of teaching employees by showing them how to perform a task directly in the workplace. It is a hands-on approach to learning where employees learn by doing under the guidance of a supervisor or mentor. OJT is effective for skill development and knowledge transfer in various industries.

There isn't one clear curriculum model that is preferred in basic education. The curriculum models are based on the needs of the students. These can be assessed on different cultures, ages and other factors.

I have studied Gardner and his theory and think he does have an interesting idea with his 9 intelligences. I have noticed the different intelligences in children and have tried to use his strategies in a real working classroom. The basic problem with the lessons he provides is that in a class with 30 students and the demands of the daily curriculum it is impossible to implement them. I tried several times because I thought it could explain why some children learn better than others. The normal classroom only uses two intelligences and standardized tests are also only using two. Math is the main intelligence relied upon to determine success in school so if a child has another intelligence it becomes harder to succeed. The only way Gardner will work is if the entire educational system moves away from the math model for testing and to determine how successful a student can be or is.

Friedrich Froebel, a German educator, developed the concept of Kindergarten which focused on play-based learning, creativity, and nurturing the whole child. His ideas influenced the development of early childhood education and emphasized the importance of hands-on experiences, social interaction, and self-expression in the curriculum. Froebel's emphasis on the role of the teacher as a facilitator of learning and the value of nature in education also contributed to shaping modern curriculum practices.

History influences the development of the curriculum by shaping the content, focus, and approach of educational programs. It helps educators understand societal needs, cultural values, and past successes and failures in education. By studying history, curriculum developers can incorporate lessons learned and relevant knowledge to create more effective and meaningful learning experiences for students.

A curriculum organizational pattern refers to the arrangement or structure of the content within a curriculum. It includes how the material is sequenced, grouped, and organized to support learning objectives and outcomes. Different patterns, like chronological, thematic, or problem-based, can be used depending on the educational goals and instructional design.

Maria Montessori developed the Montessori method, an educational approach that emphasizes independence, freedom within limits, and hands-on learning. This approach is child-centered and aims to foster a child's natural curiosity and desire to learn.

Essentially, the emphasis of the sociological foundation is on the group.It is imperative to maintain good human relations in the group in order to be able to work together with success. The sociological foundations are concerned with the human relation factors- the behavior of individuals and their relation to each other.If the ultimate purpose of the social science is the improvement of human relations, that of education is the improvement of individuals; and there for of human relations.

Edward Thorndike's work on learning and educational psychology contributed to the development of the behaviorist approach to education. His theories on learning, such as the law of effect and connectionism, have influenced curriculum design by emphasizing the importance of active engagement and reinforcement in the learning process. Thorndike's research laid the foundation for the use of instructional strategies that focus on skill development and mastery learning in modern curriculum design.

An example of the learned curriculum is when students gain knowledge and skills through direct instruction and classroom activities, such as lectures, discussions, projects, and assignments. It represents what students actually learn from the formal curriculum provided by teachers and educational institutions.

The percentage of students who get good grades can vary greatly depending on the criteria used to define "good grades." However, on average, around 60-70% of students may be considered to have good grades.

Personal context can motivate learning by making the material more relevant and meaningful to the individual. When learners can connect new information to their own experiences, interests, and goals, they are more likely to be engaged and motivated to learn. This can help facilitate deeper understanding and retention of the material.

Advantages: Operators can address issues promptly, leading to faster maintenance and reduced downtime. It can also improve machine performance through daily monitoring and preventative care.

Disadvantages: Operators may not have the necessary expertise for complex repairs, leading to incomplete fixes or further damage. There is also a risk of operator error or neglect affecting machine safety and longevity.