Linux

GNU doesn't regulate anything.

The GPL, on the other hand, requires that if you redistribute Linux with your modifications, that you make the source code of your modifications available as well.

Keep in mind this only applied to DISTRIBUTION. In-house/personal-use stuff you are literally unrestricted and can even keep modifications to yourself.

To make this a little less confusing, consider this:

1. Distributor X makes Y modification to Linux.

2. X sends out Linux with Y modification and has to make Y available openly without restriction.

3. End user Z gets Linux with Y.

4. Z modifies Linux with Y with further modification W.

5. Because Z is not sharing Linux with modifications Y and W, he doesn't have to share W at all.

A more real world example:

1. nVidia makes an excellent proprietary driver for their video cards on Linux.

2. Because the driver is proprietary, this driver cannot be included with the kernel tree itself.

3. Instead, the end user typically has Linux installed with a kernel and has to download and install the driver themselves, typically over their distribution's repositories.

There used to be a debate about whether this driver violates the GPL anyway over "derived works" clauses, though even the FSF (Responsible for the GPL and its terms.) has pretty much held there is no such violation.

Further, the GPL, being a license and not a law, cannot take away the rights of the OWNER of the copyright. If I am the sole owner of code I have licensed under the GPL, the GPL can't stop me at all from relicensing the whole shebang under a proprietary commercial license. Some companies, such as Canonical, even have "copyright reassignment" agreements with contributors that legally transfers copyright from the modder to Canonical and it won't violate the GPL, however a lot of people find this shady and against the spirit of free software.

Still, because of this, if you're sole copyright holder and want to include proprietary code with your work, you won't be able to use the GPL without violating it, though technically a copyright holder cannot violate their own copyright. I am unsure if the GPL can stop a copyright holder from including proprietary software of their own creation directly into GPL code of their own creation, but it would definitely stop anyone else from redistributing the whole package themselves unless they remove the proprietary parts.

Linus Torvalds wanted a Unix operating system for his new 80386 PC. Almost all versions of Unix cost several thousand dollars, and only a couple could really use the features of the 80386 processor. So he decided to write his own.

TCP/IP v4

TCP/IP v6

IPX

AppleTalk

If you mean on the command line, then the command is:

clear

Of course, if your encoding's been messed up, you can also clear up this little problem with the command:

reset

ifconfig

Using man ls will open the manual page for the ls command. The ls command lists the files and folders in the current directory.

First, you "unmount" it, but leave it plugged in. This is the equivalent of "Safely Remove Device" in Windows. you can unmount it using the command

umount /dev/sdx

"x" can be any letter, but it will usually be "f" for the first Flash drive plugged in. You can view the mounted devices by using the command

mount

This will return a result like:

/dev/sdf on /media/disk type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=hal,uid=1000,codepage=437,iocharset=utf8)

for the Flash drive.

To format it, execute the command

mkfs.vfat /dev/sdx

You can then remount the device.

It would really depend on the machine you are using. If it has an x86-compatible processor, probably. Otherwise, no. The ASUS Eee PC would be an example of a device that often comes with Linux, but can run Windows as well. A cell phone or PDA would be an example of a device that this would probably not be possible for.

That depends on what you are using to download them, and where said program is specified to download them to. Mozilla Firefox, for instance, usually defaults to the desktop (/home/username/Desktop).

First, open terminal (bash prompt).

You must be login as root user to run any one of the following command.

Remove Software under Red Hat / RHEL / Fedora / CentOS Linux

Use rpm or yum command to delete the software.

To list the installed software type

rpm -qa | less

rpm -qa {software-name}

yum list | less

yum list {software-name}

To get information about httpd package, enter:

rpm -qa httpd

yum list httpd

To remove a software use rpm or yum command as follows

rpm -e {software-name}

yum remove {software-name}

To delete a package called httpd, enter:

rpm -e httpd

yum remove httpd

Delete / Uninstall Software Under Debian / Ubuntu Linux

To list installed software type:

dpkg --list

dpkg --list | less

dpkg --list | grep apache

To delete the software, enter:

sudo apt-get remove {package-name}

sudo apt-get remove apache

Thousands of people and hundreds of organizations, but the guy in charge is Linus Torvalds.

when you phone in the computer tries to match to the info you have provided. If it can you get the computer message that says the number.

If you talk to a person they just punch a computer keyboard and see the latest listings and read it off to you.

And since the phone company can see your phone number at the far end you get billed.

The pipe construct as symbolized by '|' originated in the Unix operating system and is one of a set of input/output (I/O) redirectors, the others being '>' and '<' (without the single quotes). This concept was also carried over to Microsoft's DOS and Windows operating system command lines (COMMAND.COM, CMD.EXE and today, Powershell). The general idea is that command line programs either take in "input" or send "output" to some destination, usually your screen which is considered "standard out" (abbreviated as stdio). Your keyboard is typically "standard in" (abbreviated as stdin). Using the pipe in operating systems the support the concept, it is possible to have the output of one program (it's stdout) "piped" to the input of another program (the other program's stdin) for further processing.

For example, if you run a command line program that outputs multiple lines of text that scroll out of view and you're specifically looking for a particular word (known as a "character string" or "string"), you can run your command and then pipe it's output to the input of the 'grep' command which will only display any output that matches your string. The command would look something like this:

mycommand | grep "sausages"

The stdout of 'mycommand' is piped to the stdin of 'grep'. The end result is that the only lines that will be displayed on your screen from 'mycommand' are the ones that contain the string "sausages".

Yes, there is Skype 2.2 Beta for Linux, codenamed ‘Access Granted’, it brings Skype Access to Linux users. Skype Access lets you connect to over 500,000 WiFi hotspots worldwide using your Skype Credit.

$ cat filename | head

Depends what you mean. There are hundreds of desktop distros, but linux is much more popular than you would imagine. Android, the Wii, almost all servers, most checkout monitors, and many public displays (airports, fast food menus, etc) all run linux. So, there are a few hundred distros, but I'd estimate there are over 10000 "versions" in use across the world.

Linux is used for a variety of purposes. It is used on many servers (such as web servers and file hosting), as well as desktops and laptops. Linux is also popular in embedded systems like cell phones, ATMs, kiosks, televisions, Blu-Ray players, intelligent printers, and onboard car computers.

When it askes for user enter root, and then when it asks for password enter the password. If you don't know password for root it's a really serious problem.

You can also log in as root via command line by typing "su"

What are you refering to?

If you are refering to windows. Just right click in the folder you want to create the directory/file, click "new" then choose what you want to create.

The Linux kernel offers the user a host of operating systems that are free and can be copied and distributed as much as you like. Known genetically as 'Open Source' and, often small group or community maintained, you can freely try out a variety of distributions. All this without having to register to get a licence as you would need to do if using propriety MS Windows.

The applications that are best suited for use on Puppy Linux is AbiWord (a free word processing application, Gnumeric (spreadsheet), and MPlayer (free multimedia player).

mkdir directory1 directory2 directory3 directory4 directory5

Windows Vista requires 512 MB of RAM and 15 GB of free hard drive space (can be crammed into 9 after installation).

Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) requires 512 MB of RAM and 9 GB of free hard drive space.

Ubuntu Linux 8.04 requires 512 MB of RAM to boot from a LiveCD, but will install on as little as 64 MB. 384 MB is the recommended minimum. 8 GB of free hard drive space is recommended, but as little as 4 GB is usable.

MAC OS is a commercially available Operating System that typically runs on Apple Computer products. The file system, commands, data structures and even the icons are different from most other operating systems. Linux is a UNIX-like operating system, that is open and free. Open meaning that every detail about the operating system is freely available for review and evaluation and that you can not only look at it but you can change it for your own purposes. Free means that it doesn't cost anyone to use it. Some companies have put together "distributions" of Linux that will install it on your computer. The distributions can become elaborate and as such these companies charge a few dollars for the distribution. But the Linux inside is free to own, operate and upgrade.