Linux

No, of course not. For example processes, memory-pages, environment variables and semaphores are not treated as files.

ls /this/dir/path > dirfile

The shell.

To log into the system.

There is no the Linux bootloader. There are dozens of bootloader for Linux across multiple platforms. LILO, GRUB, ELILO, SYSLINUX, ISOLINUX, EXTLINUX, Das U-Boot, yaboot, SILO, Cromwell, EMILE, redboot, quik, Loadlin, Penguin, MILO, aboot, Palo, etc... are all examples of bootloaders used to boot Linux.

Udev is an important device management system primarily used by the kernel and the userspace to more readily detect, manage, and populate your hardware to the system.

When you first boot a Linux system, the bootscripts found in the initramfs will use udev to dynamically detect and load drivers for all your hardware and populate /dev with virtual device files.

While it is possible to run a Linux system without udev, it is not recommended and is usually only done in mobile or embedded Linux implementations to speed up booting and go easy on memory. Usually they take care to have all drivers compiled into the kernel and make sure all the correct configuration is set in early userspace. Running without udev is not very forgiving.

Use the "find" command with -mtime option.

I didn't quite get the word "timeframe", so please refer to the man page of "find"

Hope this was somewhat helpful

A typical shared Linux rack has a variety of prices. The price depends on the qualitlily of the one you get, which brand you get, sometimes you pay for the brand. Price also depends on how many functions it has but a typical one cost 395 dollars.

There is no program called "Lunix Messenger." There isn't even a program called "Linux Messenger." There are several different instant messengers available for Linux. Pidgin does not support webcams, while Kopete does. You need to specify what program you are using.

There appears to be a configuration error. You have associated Konqueror with application/x-msdos-program, but it cannot handle this file type.

Block is a generic OS concept. Whenever OS wants to read data from the hard disk, file system tries to read a block of data instead of one character at a time. This improves the performance. (disk is a mechanical device)

Size of the block varies for each file system, user can specify the block size when a file system is created on the device. Creating a file system on Linux is equivalent to formating a device on Windows. When you format a device on windows you can specify the block size.

To create a file system on Linux mkfs command is used. The default block size is 4K but this can be modified with -b option.

For eg.

$ mkfs -t ext2 -b 2048 /dev/sdb1

this command will create ext2 file system on the device with block size 2048.

There is a limitation imposed on maximum size of block by ex2/3/4 file system. Maximum block size should be 4K and minimum is 512 bytes.

Shared libraries are bits of code used by more than one progra. They are used to reduce memory usage (the code needs to be loaded only once and can then be used by all programs) and space (it reduces the need to include that code in the binary, or to provide multiple copies of it).

oh erm, y'see... the software has limited potential so when you try downloading things it can work, except its not excecuted through any available file.

3.4.4 is the latest stable release .

If you want to share files with other linux computer use NFS.

If you want to share files with windows computer use SAMBA.

Linux itself is based on the command shell, i.e. text interface. Ubuntu Server could easily provide this. It is based on Debian Linux.

To see websites you need to have some sort of GUI. there are many flavors of live cd's that are designed to be run straight from the CD, no hard drive at all (but they can be). One of the most popular is Damn Small Linux, but there are many others. If you're new to linux, these might be difficult to configure and use.

My favorite is Xubuntu Linux (based on ubuntu). It's designed to make computers of the windows 95 era perform quickly enough to be acceptable today. The install itself is light weight and easy. Ubuntu's forums are top notch if you have any other questions. You can also view websites in text form thru the Command Line Interface (CLI), but you need a program the will do this, Debian & Ubuntu Come with one named lynx and others can be installed. To use lynx open up a terminal & type:

lynx url_of_website

then press the enter key on your keyboard, as it is mouseless.

If you have plenty of RAM: 1, as a swap partition is rarely used by Linux on systems with more than 2 or 3 GiB of RAM available, and all the toplevels of the Linux directory structure can be put on the same partition. A swap partition on a system with plenty of RAM is a waste of hard disk space.

If you're strapped for memory, 2, to allow for the swap partition, so that Linux can extend its memory onto the hard disk so you won't run out. A good rule of thumb is to create a swap partition at LEAST 1.5 times larger than your system RAM. For example, if you have 512 MiB of RAM: a 768 MiB MINIMUM swap partition is advised. If you have lots of hard disk space, an ideal consideration is actually to triple your RAM in swap space: 512 MiB of RAM will be supported by a 1.5 GiB swap partition.

Personally, if you have lots of hard disk space, I recommend at least 3: One for /, one for /home, and one for swap, if needed, otherwise it'll be for /boot.

Yes. Trojans are possible for every type of operating system that allows the end user to install programs. In practice, however, trojans are almost non-existent in Linux, because most distros provide a repository of safe and inspected binaries compiled from source by developers of the distro. If someone tried to sneak something in, it would be very easy to point the finger at who was responsible, since the developers of each program are known. Another benefit of the repository is that users will likely not install programs from another, potentially unsafe, location.

The command is ln -s /usr/bin/java /etc/java.

On an ordinary text file this cannot be done via any OS or terminal, as the file cannot store such attributes.

On other files, this depends on the software used to edit the file.

When a user who is authenticated using NIS passwords runs passwd to change her password, all appears to work properly, yet the user's password is not changed: The user needs to use yppasswd. The root and system accounts, in contrast, must use passwd to change their passwords. A common solution to this problem is first to rename passwd-for example, to rootpaswd-and then to change its permissions so only a user working with root privileges can execute it. Second, create a link to yppasswd named passwd. You must work with root privileges when you make these changes.

/var/lib/dhclient/dhclient.leases

By issuing the date command. This will return something like:

Wed Dec 9 10:55:20 EST 2009

There's no mention of a specific distro being used in any specifications that are available on the internet. It is thus likely a custom / from scratch creation for the device.