Local Area Network

Traditionally, two switches can be connected together with a crossover cable.

A crossover cable should be used whenever two of the same network devices need to be connected together. e.g. Connecting a router to another router, a switch to another switch or a PC to another PC.

Using a crossover cable is not always necessary however. Most new network devices include a feature named Auto-MDIX (Medium Dependant Interface Crossover). Auto-MDIX detects what type of cable is connected and automatically changes its own configuration to enable data transmission to the other device. i.e. It does not matter if you use a straight through cable or crossover cable on Auto-MDIX enabled devices. Both will work.

its a switch

Fiber Optic cables carry data as light.

by combing these layers the functionality is performed by a

single layer and overhead is reduced.The disadvantage is

more functions need to be performed by single layer

The TCP/IP model was adopted and condensed into 4 Layers.

1. Link layer ( Layer 1and 2 of the OSI model)
2. Internet Layer (Layer 3 of the OSI model)
3. Transport ( Layer 4, 5 and 6 of the OSI model)
4. Application ( Layer 7 of the OSI model)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model#Link_Layer

Ethernet AUI

AUI cables have a D-type 15 pin connector. Pin assignments are as follows:Pin 1Control In circuit ShieldPin 2Control In circuit APin 3Data Out circuit APin 4Data In circuit ShieldPin 5Data In circuit APin 6Voltage CommonPin 9Control In circuit BPin 10Data Out circuit BPin 11Data Out circuit ShieldPin 12Data In circuit BPin 13Voltage PlusPin 14Voltage ShieldPins 7, 8 and 15 are not used.

1) Client makes a UDP Broadcast to the server with a DHCPDiscover, or Discover packet.

2) DHCP offers to the client.

The server sends a DHCPOffer including other configuration parameters (DHCP Options) for the client per the servers configuration file

3) In response to the offer Client requests the server.

The client replies DHCPRequest, unicast to the server, requesting the offered address.

4)The server sends DHCPAck acknowledging the request which is the clients final permission to take the address as offered. Before sending the ack the server double checks that the offered address is still available, that the parameters match the clients request and (if so) marks the address taken.

A good reference for DHCP information is Droms and Lemon "The DHCP Handbook". BoydK

Layer 4 (Transport) is responsible for correction.

See the OSI layer.

The MAC address is the base addressing.

IP addresses ride on top of the MAC Addresses.

You need to configure a static IP address on both items to enable them to talk to each other. I.E. set the PC to 192.168.1.2 and the printer to 192.168.1.3 Use 255.255.255.0 for the subnet mask. The gateway can be set to 192.168.1.1 although this setting is not needed for a crossover cable. The Problem is that I don't have the printer cable and the only way to attach the printer is via an ethernet crossover cable. the printer is from an office and was networked previously. I did a configuration print out of the printer and I set up the IP address already given to the printer on the printout. I gave my laptop the same IP address and subnet as the print out and set up a network using the network wizard but I still cannot see or access the printer.

There are more than 3 protocols at the application layer. Three well-known protocols are:

HTTP - web page traffic

FTP - file transfer traffic

SMTP - email transfer

A. Traffic is classified based on quality of service requirements.

D. Digital movies are always assigned to the high-priority queue for processing.

Convert each decimal number to a binary number separately. You can use Windows calculator for this (in the menu you will find a command to switch between standard calculator and scientific calculator). Each group of bits must be completed to 8 bits - fill out with zeroes on the left, until you have 8 bits (so for the the second part, the calculator will give you 1101011 - add a zero to the left to get 01101011).

If you want to do the conversion with pencil and paper, ask a separate question, or research existing questions, something like "how do you convert decimal to binary".

Devices- 6

W= n(n-1)/2

whereby W is number of cables

n is number of devices

solution

W= 6(6-1)/2

=6(5)/2

=3(5)

=15

15 cables

Internet browser.

A method of and system for conferencing a plurality of clients over a local or wide area network using multicasting where the conferencing function is distributed between a server and the clients. The invention takes advantage of certain capabilities of existing client equipment and multicasting capabilities of the server to distribute the conference function between the server and the clients in a conference call over a LAN/WAN in a way that reduces network congestion and protocol complexity. The system of the present invention for providing conferencing over a local or wide area network, includes: a plurality of clients connected to the network for transmitting signals to and receiving signals from the network; and a server connected to the network for receiving a plurality of signals transmitted from the plurality of clients, mixing the received signals to create a single multicast signal, and transmitting the multicast signal to each of the clients. Each of the plurality of received signals is made up of data packets of a defined length. The server includes: a jitter buffer for synchronizing the data packets received from the plurality of clients; an adjustable gain/loss controller for applying adjustable gain/loss to the synchronized data packets--according to speech activity and average level at each client signal; a mixer for mixing the data packets of the plurality of signals to create the single multicast signal for transmission to each of the clients. An individual client receiving the multicast signal transmitted from the server includes an echo controller for estimating and removing, from the multicast signal, a signal component corresponding to a signal transmitted from that client. With the rapid development of the Internet in recent years in conjunction with the TCP/IP transmission protocol and the latest version of the hypertext (HTML) facilities, new possibilities have come into existence for the use of the network for remote control of experiments in research labs and other practical systems. Using graphical software languages client-server systems can be easily designed. Client-server systems have some general advantages when compared with remote-access systems (RAS) or proprietary (single-solution) systems. The disadvantage of http-based client-systems is the need for a minimum stable transmission rate of 7 kbyte/second. Router, hub and switcher technologies reduce the effective transmission rate of high speed Internet connections. In recent years gateway systems for remote control have become available for most measurement and instrumentation bus systems and this effectively allows direct access via LAN/Internet with a minimum of transfer data-rates needed for control BHUSHAN PURANIK

FTP uses TCP because the file transfer has to be correct.

TFTP uses UDP for speed, but not everything will get there.

In computer networking a work group is collection of computers connected on a LAN that share the common resources and responsibilities. Workgroup is Microsoft's term for a peer-to-peer local area network.

Look at your lab sheet that was given to you in class, the link to the answer is on that sheet. Since you are so lazy to look for yourself this is the answer,

42 dB

20.1 dB

100 dB

20.2 dB

You choose what is the right one. ;)

its the 2nd one

4

USB - connects to devices such as printers, external hard-drives etc.

3.5mm sockets - for connecting speakers, microphone or a head-set.

HDMI - for playing back High-definition content on the computer.

9-pin D - for video output ot a monitor.

It depends on the area covered. It may also be a CAN or Campus Area Network.

Network Neighborhood is the Microsoft Windows name for a way/method to browse the Local Area Network. Network Neightborhood has now become My Network Places in Windows XP. The function remains the same.