Local Area Network

Topology is always useful when looking at how a network is physically constructed or wired. This gives the network technician some idea of how the network is put together when diagnosing problems.

Ring.

They require more memory and processing power to run on the router.

They require more memory and processing power to run on the router.

They require more memory and processing power to run on the router.

They require more memory and processing power to run on the router.

A router is the most efficient device at moving packets between similar network topologies. Routers operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model and are designed to determine the best path for packets to travel based on destination IP addresses. They use routing tables to make these decisions and can handle different types of network topologies, such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and fiber optic networks, making them versatile and efficient for packet forwarding.

It seems like the issue might be related to either the Splunk Universal Forwarder configuration or log file permissions. First, ensure that your inputs.conf and outputs.conf files are correctly set up, with the right log paths and destination indexer details. Check the internal logs, such as splunkd.log, by navigating to /opt/splunkforwarder/var/log/splunk/ instead of /var/log. If no logs are present, verify that the Universal Forwarder has the right permissions to access the log files and is running properly. You can enable debug logging in the log.cfg file for more detailed output and restart the forwarder to apply any changes.

The 'Ether' part of Ethernet denotes that the system is not meant to be restricted for use on only one medium type, copper cables, fibre cables and even radio waves can be used.

Fast Ethernet Network was developed as an upgrade to traditional Ethernet Networking. Fast Ethernet improved traditional Ethernet by increasing transfer rates 10 times, from 10 Megabit to 100 Megabit speed.

Gigabit Ethernet Network is an upgrade on Fast Ethernet Network equivalent to Fast Ethernet Networks improvement over Fast Ethernet Network, offering speeds of 1000 Megabits (1 Gigabit)

Cisco have a good document with diagrams and a reasonable amount of depth that answers your questions on 10/100/1000 Ethernet. See related link.

Ethernet card would be 10Mbps (mega bauds per second) Fast Ethernet card would be 100Mbps. Most ethernet cards sold today are Fast Ethernet or better. Look for the 100Mbps or the 10/100Mbps specification. The only difference between the both is the speed.

Hence both cards are basically the same using the same technology except the fast Ethernet card can run on 10/100mb/s, an astonishing speed.

Original 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10baseT Ethernet (thin coaxial cable, thick coaxial cable and twisted pair, respectively) specifications offered a 10Mbit/second throughput (data transfer rate). Although 1 Byte is 8 bits, 10Mbits in practice doesn't mean 1.25MBytes/second, because there's some extra information transferred. On average it can be seen as a ~1MByte/second link speed.

Then new standards appeared, some of them exotic (like 100VG AnyLan), but the new Ethernet standard was 100baseTX, which used twisted pair (like 10baseT, but with slightly higher quality requirements - Category 5 cable). It has been called Fast Ethernet, as it offered 100Mbit/sec transfer speed, a 10-fold improvement. Usually all the network equipment can talk both 10baseT and 100baseTX (for example network switches have "10/100" ports).

But this was not enough - then came a next speed-up: the 1000baseTX, still running on twisted pair, but with even higher cable quality requirements, offering 1000Mbit/s transfer speed, thus called Gigabit Ethernet: 1000 Mega = 1 Giga.

Blade servers use shared power and cooling across a common enclosure. This allows switch-mode power supplies to run more efficiently by running some of the power modules at near full capacity, and others at near idle. Cooling system fans can be made larger and airflow can be targeted since the enclosure can be designed without adhering to very small height constrictions. Better power and cooling translates to less electrical energy consumption. Connectivity for optical transport links, such as Fibre Channel Storage, and Fiber Ethernet, can be carried to the first interconnect device over the backplane traces inside the enclosure via fibre-over-copper links, reducing the cost of HBAs and the number of optical GBICs required for the switches. The number of cables required to carry outbound data is drastically reduced since the Ethernet and Storage switches are integrated into the back of the enclosure. Finally, the footprint of the combined servers and interconnects takes up less space than typical rack servers and switches, which can be converted into Real Estate savings by most entities. A rule of thumb is that you should start with at least half the enclosure populated with blade-servers to realize any savings, since the enclosure itself must be absorbed into the total cost of the deployment.

(Taken from http://www.duxcw.com/digest/Howto/network/cable/cable5.htm)

Let's start with simple pin-out diagrams of the two types of UTP Ethernet cables and watch how committees can make a can of worms out of them. Here are the diagrams: Note that the TX (transmitter) pins are connected to corresponding RX (receiver) pins, plus to plus and minus to minus. And that you must use a crossover cable to connect units with identical interfaces. If you use a straight-through cable, one of the two units must, in effect, perform the cross-over function. Two wire color-code standards apply: EIA/TIA 568A and EIA/TIA 568B. The codes are commonly depicted with RJ-45 jacks as follows (the view is from the front of the jacks): If we apply the 568A color code and show all eight wires, our pin-out looks like this: Note that pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 and the blue and brown pairs are not used in either standard. Quite contrary to what you may read elsewhere, these pins and wires are not used or required to implement 100BASE-TX duplexing--they are just plain wasted. However, the actual cables are not physically that simple. In the diagrams, the orange pair of wires are not adjacent. The blue pair is upside-down. The right ends match RJ-45 jacks and the left ends do not. If, for example, we invert the left side of the 568A "straight"-thru cable to match a 568A jack--put one 180° twist in the entire cable from end-to-end--and twist together and rearrange the appropriate pairs, we get the following can-of-worms: This further emphasizes, I hope, the importance of the word "twist" in making network cables which will work. You cannot use an flat-untwisted telephone cable for a network cable. Furthermore, you must use a pair of twisted wires to connect a set of transmitter pins to their corresponding receiver pins. You cannot use a wire from one pair and another wire from a different pair. Keeping the above principles in mind, we can simplify the diagram for a 568A straight-thru cable by untwisting the wires, except the 180° twist in the entire cable, and bending the ends upward. Likewise, if we exchange the green and orange pairs in the 568A diagram we will get a simplified diagram for a 568B straight-thru cable. If we cross the green and orange pairs in the 568A diagram we will arrive at a simplified diagram for a crossover cable. All three are shown below.

Hope this helps

be safe Cadishead Computers

Yes, G652D is a standard for single-mode optical fiber cables. It is commonly used in telecommunication networks due to its low attenuation and reliable performance for long-distance communication.

It is a technically challenging field that provides valuable products to society. It also pays very well and job security and growth are strong and projected to stay strong. Generally you study it if you liked math (calculus), chemistry, and physics in high school and want to apply this, and more complex technical knowledge to the real world.

While mechanical engineers often deal mostly with water, steam, and air, chemical engineers have the opportunity to deal with any chemical in existence, which can make the behavior very interesting sometimes. It is also important to distinguish chemical engineers from chemists: chemists are concerned with the possibility of making new chemicals and figuring out the chemical pathway to achieve this goal on a laboratory scale. A chemical engineer is concerned with the industrial scale production and the processes, equipment, and economics used in carrying this out.

RTK stands for Real Time Kinematic (GPS). Briefly, it is a way of using two (or more) earth based GPS units to solve the inherent ambiguities in the GPS system, to arrive at a submeter (usually 5cm or less) position solution.

It is difficult to take the same size pace every time, especially over rough ground.

It is hard to walk in a straight line. Also there is a chance for error in measuring the length of your paces even if they are all the same size. A small error here would compound if you take a lot of paces.

a. memory

1. Packet copied by systems' CPU

2. Speed limited by memory bandwidth

b. bus

1. Datagram from input port memory to output port memory via a shared bus

2. Bus contention: switching speed limited by bus bandwidth

c. crossbar

1. Overcome bus bandwidth limitations

2. Banyan networks, other interconnection nets initially developed to connect processors in multiprocessor

3. Advanced design: fragmenting datagram into fixed length cells, switch cells through the fabric.

To add servers to a LAN for optimal performance, follow these key steps:

Network Topology and Design:

Assess the current network layout and use a hierarchical star topology.

Segment the network using VLANs for reduced broadcast traffic and improved security.

Switches and Routers:

Invest in high-performance, low-latency switches with features like QoS and link aggregation.

Configure QoS to prioritize critical traffic.

Network Cabling and Ports:

Use high-quality Ethernet cables (Cat6a or Cat7).

Ensure sufficient Gigabit or 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports for new servers.

Server Configuration:

Equip servers with high-performance NICs and consider NIC teaming for increased throughput and redundancy.

Implement load balancing to distribute workloads evenly.

IP Addressing and DNS:

Use a structured IP address scheme and consider DHCP for dynamic IP allocation.

Ensure correct DNS configuration for efficient name resolution.

Security Measures:

Implement firewalls, ACLs, and IDPS to protect servers.

Keep systems updated with the latest security patches.

Performance Monitoring and Optimization:

Use network monitoring tools to track performance metrics.

Conduct regular performance audits and adjust configurations as needed.

Scalability and Redundancy:

Design the network for scalability and future growth.

Implement redundant links and hardware for high availability and resilience.

Following these steps will help you integrate new servers into your LAN efficiently, ensuring high performance and reliability.

Generally speaking, UTP of Cat5, Cat5e, or Cat 6 is physically terminated with either an RJ-45 plug or RJ-45 jack.

The wiring pattern depends on whether you are using 568A or 568B as your cable standard.

Explain the need for Intranet for an organization when the organization is already having access to InternetExplain the need for Intranet for an organization when the organization is already having access to InternetExplain the need for Intranet for an organization when the organization is already having access to InternetExplain the need for Intranet for an organization when the organization is already having access to Internet

The major benefit of a switch over a hub is the increase in the amount of collision domains. This allows a switched network to benefit from full duplex transmissions, negating the need for CSMA/CD, and doubling the potential throughput for each network segment. Switches typically operate at layer 2 of the OSI model, using destination MAC addresses within the Ethernet frame to intelligently filter or forward packets.

Total internal reflection explains how fiber optics can transmit light pulses over large distances with minimal loss in signal strength. Light pulses undergo multiple reflections within the fiber core due to the core being made of a material with a higher refractive index than the cladding, ensuring that the light remains confined within the core and travels long distances without significant loss.

Hi I believe you are talking about DNA transfer of genes and I believe it's a transfer of different gene coding which are not Identical. If A is on X chromosome and B is on Y then through recombination A will be on Y and B will be on Y.

It can range very widely. They can go from 5 mega bits per second to 50 giga bits per second. (with different types of cabling.) In Sept 2009, in their lab, Alcatel-Lucent achieved a speed of 2 Peta bits per second over 7,000KM. That's over 100 million Giga bits per second.

Yes, you can convert a Chapter 13 bankruptcy to a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, but you'll need to meet the eligibility requirements for Chapter 7, such as passing the means test. You'll also need to file a motion with the bankruptcy court requesting the conversion and provide documentation to support your request. An attorney can help guide you through this process.

Answer I had the exact problem with a former girlfriend and it really pissed me off. I asked her what was the idea of introducing me as her friend and not her boyfriend and she replied that she wasn't ready to introduce me that wasy so my advice to her was when you are ready to recognise me for who I am then call me and until then don't bother. The next day she called and appoligised saying she was wrong and could we put this behind us. We did and it worked out well. You do as you wish, but if it were me I'd take affirmative action and not let him get away with that nonsense.

Anemometers are useful today for measuring wind speed and direction, which is valuable for a range of applications including weather forecasting, aviation, and assessing environmental conditions for activities like wind energy generation. They provide real-time data that helps in making informed decisions related to safety, operations, and planning.

Fiber optics offer higher bandwidth and longer transmission distances compared to copper cabling. Fiber is also immune to electromagnetic interference and is more secure due to its low signal loss and difficulty in tapping. Additionally, fiber is lighter and smaller in diameter, making it easier to install and maintain in large interbuilding networks.