Nuclear Fusion

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Stars shine due to nuclear fusion. The visible light produced by our star (the Sun) comprises all the colours of the spectrum as evidenced by a rainbow.

Neclear Fusion because stars are powered by that, even our sun

Because in the sun, nuclear fusion (or thermonuclear reaction) is happening, means an atom core is joined with other's atom core, making it a bigger atom and more unstable. In the sun and other stars, one hydrogen atom is joined itself with the other hydrogen atom and reacting, releasing particles, positron, neutrino and energy. The result is 2H. Then it joined itself with another 1H atom. Then the fusion reaction happens. It's repeating until the third reaction, where 3He is joining with other 3He, releasing two 1H and a 4He. In short, one Hydrogen atom join another one Hydrogen Atom and result two hydrogen atoms, Neutrino, and Positron (1H + 1H = 2H, Positron, Neutrino). This process is repeating twice (although the second time, 2H is joining 1H = 2H + 1H = 3He). Then, the Third time, where the Hydrogen atoms become Helium atoms, they join together and releasing two 1 H and 4He atoms (3He + 3He = 2x 1H, 4He). ( The fusion also the one who detonate the Hydrogen Bomb).

Source: Wikipedia (see related links)

"A star is a balancing act between two huge forces. On the one hand, there is the crushing force of the star's own gravity trying to squeeze the stellar material into the smallest and tightest ball possible. On the other hand, there is tremendous heat and pressure from the nuclear reactions at the star's center trying to push all of that material out."- Carolyn Ruth

Wipeout Fusion happened in 2002.

There are 3 fusions int he sun. The 3 fusions are Two pairs of protons fuse, proton to form helium and fuse to create beryllium.

In this process, hydrogen-1 is converted into helium-4. Energy is freed up in the process.

The conditions for nuclear fusion are high temperatures and high pressure.The high temperature gives the atoms enough energy to overcome the electrical repulsion between the protons.

Pressure squeezes the hydrogen atoms together. They must be within 1x10

-15meters of each other to fuse.

W­ith current technology, we can only achieve the temperatures and pressures necessary to make deuterium-tritium fusion possible.

Fusion is a process that involves combining two or more elements to form a new, heavier element. In a controlled setting, such as a fusion reactor, fusion can occur at extremely high temperatures and pressures to generate energy. Currently, the most common fusion reaction being pursued is the combination of isotopes of hydrogen, like deuterium and tritium.

Nuclear fusion is the process of joining two atomic nuclei (two sets of protons and neutrons) together. If the nuclei are smaller than iron or nickel nuclei, there is a net release of energy (more energy comes out of the new nucleus than was used to make it). If the nuclei are larger than that, there is a net loss of energy (it takes more energy to combine the nuclei than you get back out).

Nuclear fusion is the process that powers stars and is what allows them to resist their own enormous gravity - they exist in a precarious equilibrium between being crushed and blowing themselves apart. In small stars like the sun the elements being fused are hydrogen isotopes, sometimes using carbon, nitrogen and oxygen as catalysts. The end product is helium and several other sub-atomic particles. Larger stars can fuse heavier elements - up to iron and nickel.

Once the star has an iron core, fusion stops and the star collapses under its own weight. The outer layers bounce off the core and destroy the star in a supernova. In these events temperatures and pressures rise high enough for all the remaining heavy elements to be produced.

Nuclear fusion on earth is achievable and several experimental reactors have produced power from fusion of hydrogen isotopes. Most notably, JET (Joint European Torus) in Oxfordshire, England, produced a world record of 16MW of fusion power for (I believe) six seconds.

Currently being built, ITER in southern France has been designed to produce 500MW of power for 50MW input. Assembly of the reactor buildings is due to start in 2015 and the first plasma is due in 2019. If it is successful, a follow-up plant called DEMO will attempt to commercialise fusion power.

Fusion is regarded as a cleaner source of energy than either fossil fuels (since there are no CO2 emissions) or conventional nuclear fission (no long-lived highly radioactive waste) but is not without problems. Foremost amongst those is the fact that even though the only waste product is helium gas, the reactor walls are badly damaged by the fast neutrons produced in the reaction and will need replacement every so often. The walls will become 'activated' by the neutron bombardement and will themselves need to be treated as radioactive waste.

Fusion power as currently envisaged has another advantage - the fuels can be 'bred' within the reactor and extracted from seawater. Furthermore, since fusion is a nuclear process rather than chemical, the energy output per gram of fuel is orders of magnitude greater: one deuterium nucleus and one tritium nucleus together mass just 8.35x10^-27kg and produce 17.6MeV of energy. That means a total of 8.35kg of fuel will produce 2.8x10^15J or 2.8 million gigajoules of energy. In contrast, the same mass of oil would only produce 390 megajoules of energy (1 GJ = 1000 MJ).

I recommend google and wikipedia for more information. Many of the pages are quite good as well as accessible.

Konrad Harradine

Both fission and fusion can be used to make nuclear bombs, in fact almost every nuclear bomb in stockpile in the world today uses both fission and fusion to achieve its total yield, optimize it material efficiency, and reduce size and weight.

Nuclear fusion has not yet reached the point where it is practical for commercial use. However, it seems that it will cause much less polution than nuclear fission.

Fusion Energy Foundation ended in 1986.

There is no word that is called diadvantags.

True.

The central region of the sun is called the core.

A star forms by the contraction of a large sphere of gases. This contraction causes the nuclear fusion of lighter elements into heavier elements, releasing energy in the process.

Through the conversion of mass to energy.

can't be explained in chemical equation as it is nuclear.

reaction is fusion of ionized hydrogen nuclei into ionized helium nuclei. every other hydrogen nucleus transforms from a proton to a neutron in the process.

The onset of nuclear fusion in the core of a star occurs when the the hydrogen in the core reaches a temperature of about 10 million degrees Kelvin. The gravitational force needed to achieve this requires a stellar mass of at least 8.3% of the mass of Earth's Sun.

Nuclear power plants are capital intensive power plants and hence it is more economic to operate them at high capacity factors (or as base load plants)

Energy is released during fusion and fission.

Electrolysis in an enrichment cascade to make heavy water then separate the deuterium from the oxygen. This plant would be powered from some of the electricity made by the fusion reactor. It would effectively manufacture its own fuel. Waste ordinary hydrogen could be liquified for use as fuel in hydrogen fuel cell powered cars.

Mass. When you split a large atom (fission) into parts the mass of the parts is less then the original atom. The "lost" mass comes out as energy. When you combine two small atoms into a larger atom (fusion) , the larger atom has less mass then the two original atoms and the "lost" mass comes out as energy.