Nuclear Physics

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The electron in the highest occupied energy level is known as the valence electron. These electrons are involved in the formation of chemical bonds and determine the element's chemical properties.

Yes, but only if the nuclear disintegration is alpha decay. Alpha decay is only one mode of radioactive decay, and in alpha decay, a helium-4 nucleus (the alpha particle) will appear. Beta decay (two types) and spontaneous fission are also modes of radioactive decay, and different particles appear in those events. Links are provided below to Related questions that will help you sort this out.

No. It is electromagnetic radiation, beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum.

A nuclear resource is a special element that is ran through a nuclear reactor to power or propel and object. It is an object that appears as if it is radioactive or made from a nuclear element ran through reactors or still running .

Elements with atomic masses greater than uranium are typically produced in supernova explosions, where high-energy processes enable the fusion of heavy nuclei. This process can lead to the creation of transuranic elements such as neptunium, plutonium, and beyond. Additionally, elements beyond uranium can also be artificially synthesized in particle accelerators through nuclear reactions involving target nuclei.

1982 - Gottfried Münzenberg, Peter Armbruster, Fritz Peter Heßberger, Sigurd Hofmann, Klaus Poppensieker, Willibrord Reisdorf, K. Schneider, Karl-Heinz Schmidt, Christoph-Clemens Sahm, Detlef Vermeulen (a group of scientists from the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany).

Beta decay is a non-example of alpha decay. Beta decay involves the emission of a beta particle (either an electron or a positron) from an unstable atomic nucleus, whereas alpha decay involves the emission of an alpha particle (helium nucleus) from a nucleus.

E = mC squared

The mass energy equation (Einstein' derivation)

applied to sub atomic particles which shed protons to attain a more stable electrovalence leads to the energy associated with that bond being released

Alpha particles ,beta particles or gamma particles

Americium-241--->neptunium -237 + Alpha particle (Helium Nucleus)

The nuclear power plants are filled with water to keep the atoms from splitting too fast inside the nuclear rod. Because of the earthquake in Japan, the nuclear power plants lost a lot of water in them, which is making the atoms split too fast. Radiation is now leaking from the plants, so crews are going in and dumping seawater into the nuclear plants to cool down the rods.

Curie (Ci) is the old unit of radioactivity; now is used in SI the becquerel.

The correct word is decays not emissions.

1 curie = 3,7.1010 decays/second

Alpha particles can be stopped by a few centimeters of air. At normal atmospheric pressure, about 3-4 inches of air is sufficient to absorb alpha particles and reduce their energy to a harmless level.

When fuel rods are bombarded by neutrons, certain isotopes of uranium (U-235) undergo fission, releasing more neutrons and a large amount of energy in the form of heat. This heat is used to generate steam that drives turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear reactor.

Some physical properties of thorium are:

-density: 11,724 g/cm3

-melting point: 1 750 0C

-boiling point: 4 788 0C\

-Mohs hardness: 3

-crystallization system: face-centered cubic

-thermal conductivity: 54 W/m.K

-electrical resitivity: 157 nohm.m

-paramagnetic

Alpha and beta particles ionize the air molecules in a cloud chamber as they travel through, leaving a trail of charged particles behind. These ionized air molecules attract water vapor, forming droplets along the path of the particles, which are then visible as trails in the cloud chamber. The trails help to visualize the path and behavior of the particles as they move through the chamber.

Because they emit what is called Ionising Radiation, which is harmful to living organisms. In the short term it causes damage to the bone marrow, upsetting the blood composition, and causing death in a few days if enough radiation is absorbed. In the long term cancers may be caused. People working with radiation are all monitored and exposure is limited to safe levels

Alpha decay is the type of radioactive decay that causes the radionuclide to become an element with a higher atomic number. In alpha decay, the radionuclide emits an alpha particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons, resulting in the formation of a new element with a higher atomic number.

Technetium primarily emits gamma radiation, which is a type of electromagnetic radiation with high energy and penetrating power. Additionally, technetium-99m, a common radioisotope of technetium used in medical imaging, emits low-energy gamma radiation suitable for imaging purposes.

The total mass of the involved particles before either process happens is more than the total mass of the products after the either reaction happens. This is known as the mass defect of the system, Δm, and can be used to calculate the energy released via the equation E = Δmc2, where E is the energy and c is the speed of light.

This depends upon the radioactive challenge. Boron has a high neutron capture cross-section, hence the huge quantities of boron used to help sanitize the Chernobyl and Fukishima reactors.

But ordinarily, simple massive materials such as massive concrete or lead are materials of choice.

Nuclear fission was discovered in the 1930s and involves splitting heavy atomic nuclei to release energy. This process led to the development of nuclear weapons during World War II and later to the creation of nuclear power plants for energy production. Nuclear fusion, which involves combining light atomic nuclei, powers the sun and hydrogen bombs. Fusion research has been ongoing for decades to harness this process for energy production on Earth.

The symbolic representation of lead-209 isotope is ^209Pb.

Some applications of americium are:

- ionizing source for smoke detectors

- component of neutron generators as Am-Be

- source in nuclear gauges densitometers

- standard source of radiations: gamma, alpha

- source for gamma ray radiography

- precursor to prepare Cm, Bk, Es, Db,No, Lw

- laboratories uses

Because the charge on an alpha particle is 2 times stonger then on a beta particle, however, it the alpha particle is 7,350 times more massive (so it takes more force to move it the same distance).

When three-quarters of a radioactive isotope has decayed, it means that 1/4 (or 25%) of the original isotope remains. This corresponds to 2 half-lives, because each half-life halves the amount of radioactive material remaining.