Paleontology

Both insects and amphibians are thought to evolve during the Devonian Period.

The earliest known insect, Rhyniognatha hirsti, is thought to have evolved from arthropod ancestors around 400 million years ago during the Emsian age of the Lower Devonian Epoch.

The earliest known amphibian, Elginerpeton was thought to evolved from lung fish around 375 million years ago during the Frasnian age of the Upper Devonian. It is also thought to be the 1st tetrapod.

The Eon represents a period of time in Earth's history lasting from 2.5 billion to 544 million years ago. It is further divided into several Eras, including the Archean and Proterozoic. This Eon is characterized by the formation of Earth's first continents, the emergence of early life forms, and the development of more complex organisms.

Small water plants have a higher likelihood of being preserved in deep rock layers because their delicate structures are easily buried and protected from decay. Other plants may have had a different composition that made them less likely to fossilize or their habitats may not have favored preservation in deep rock layers.

1. Glossopteris: A large seed fern that dominated the flora of the Permian period, found in Gondwana.

2. Cordaites: Tall, tree-like plants with needle-like leaves that were common in the late Paleozoic era, including the Permian.

3. Sigillaria: An extinct tree-like plant with segmented trunks and scale-like leaves, characteristic of the Carboniferous and Permian periods.

The Paleozoic Era lasted 291 million years from the start of the Cambrian Period 542 million years ago until the end of the Permian Period 251 million years ago.

Life of every kind went through great changes.

The first evidence for plants predate the Paleozoic Era. Evidence that resembles green algae is found in rocks in the late Proterozoic Eon but exact classification into the Kingdom Plantae has not been confirmed.

The first confirmed plants come from the Cambrian Period(542 - 488.3Ma). They take the form of simple green algae possibly of the order Dasycladales. These normally live in aquatic environments. It is during this period that we find evidence for the first plants on land. Fossil species closely related to the river plant Charales have been found in rocks from around this age.

It was not until the Ordovician Period(488.3 - 443.7Ma) that the first Embryophytes evolved. Embryophytes is the clade of plants that contain most of the plants that you would recognise. These plants are primarily land plants although some species are considered semi- aquatic. Fossils from this period are fragmentary and exact classification is difficult.

The Silurian Period(443.7 - 416Ma) gives us the first complete fossils of Embroyophytes. This is the time in history that we can confirm wide spread land plants. Species such as the extinct Lycopodiophyta Baragwanathia longfolia become common in terrestrial environments.

During the Devonian Period(416 - 359.2Ma) we see the first evidence of the first trees. The earliest known trees the Wattieza & Archaropteris were closly related to ferns unlike most modern trees. They grew up into huge forests pumping vast amounts of oxygen into the atmosphere.

By the Carboniferous Period(359.2 - 299Ma) these forests covered the land. Most of the coal on the planet are the remains of these huge forests. The levels of oxygen in the atmosphere were much higher than today as a result of these forest. It was this that allowed the arthropods to become massive. The first conifers appear at this time in history.

The Permian Peroid(299 - 251Ma) saw the formation of the super-continent Pangaea. The interior of this continent was dominated by huge deserts. The changes in environment caused huge changes in the plants that dominated the land. By the end of the Permian the fern like trees, that had dominated for millions of years, had been replaced by conifers as the most common trees on the planet.

The end of the Paleozoic Era was marked by the planets worst extinction event, the Permian-Triassic Extinction or "The Great Dying". It shows a clear decline in the conifer species and the beginning of the Mesozoic Era a resurgence of the Lycopdhates.

It was not until the Mesozoic Era that plants that dominate most environments on land today such as flowering plants and grasses evolved.

Yeomen lived in the South before 1860 primarily because they were small-scale farmers who owned their own land. They were self-sufficient and practiced subsistence agriculture, which was common in the rural South during that time. Yeomen often did not own enslaved individuals, unlike larger plantation owners, and they played a significant role in the Southern economy.

Yes, gastropods can be used as index fossils because they have a wide range of species that have evolved over time. By studying the presence of specific gastropod species in the fossil record, scientists can determine the age of the rock layer in which they are found, helping to date other fossils and rocks in that area.

It's not much of the organisms that dominated the paleozoic era, it's the species of animals. Alot of the larger reptiles and early ancestors of dinosaurs conquered and dominated the paleozoic era.

That would be the era known as the Late Cretaceous, which started around 100 million years ago and lasted until the mass extinction event that marked the end of the Cretaceous period around 66 million years ago.

The current epoch is the Holocene. It began about 11,700 years ago.

A scientist could use radiometric dating methods, such as carbon dating or potassium-argon dating, to determine the absolute age of a fossil found in a sedimentary rock. These methods rely on the decay of radioactive isotopes within the rock surrounding the fossil to calculate its age.

3.5 billion years ago was during the Archean Eon, a period in Earth's history characterized by the formation of the first continents, the emergence of early life forms, and the development of the atmosphere and oceans as we know them today.

they are only been found in a narrow geographic range

During the Jurassic period, the environment was warmer and had higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere compared to the present. The landmasses were generally located closer together, forming the supercontinent Pangaea. The Jurassic period had a diverse range of plant and animal species, including dinosaurs, which dominated the terrestrial ecosystems.

Pepper plants have superior ovaries, which means the ovaries are positioned above the attachment of other floral parts (sepals, petals, and stamens) on the receptacle.

During the Stalinist era in the Soviet Union, there was a shift towards a centrally planned economy with the implementation of the Five-Year Plans. This involved the rapid industrialization of the country, collectivization of agriculture, and forced labor camps known as the Gulag system. The government had control over key industries, resources, and production decisions, aiming to prioritize heavy industry and military build-up.

It occurred between the Cretaceous period at the end of the Mesozoic era and the Tertiary period at the beginning of the Cenozoic era. It's mostly known for wiping out the dinosaurs. Any species that weighed over 100 kg vanished (60-80% of all species).

You rarely find fossils in igneous rock for one reason. Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Most living material is destroyed by the heat leaving no recognizable fossil.

Food items like dried fruits, jerky, and grains can be preserved well in hot, dry conditions due to the low moisture content, which inhibits microbial growth and spoilage. The heat helps to further reduce any remaining moisture, preventing the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast that cause food to spoil. Additionally, the dry conditions can prevent the growth of insects that may be attracted to the food.

The temperature during the Mesozoic Era varied throughout its different periods. However, it is generally believed to have been warmer than it is today, with global average temperatures estimated to be around 10-25°C higher than current temperatures.

Inclination is measured as the angle at which the satellite crosses the equator while passing from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere.

Declination is the difference between magnetic North as reported by a compass and true North.

A trace fossil is one that merely indicates that an organism left evidence of its existence. Some examples would be burrows or footprints that appear in sedimentary rock. An index fossil is of an organism that dates to a particular time in the geologic record, the organism only appearing in a certain segment of that record. Index fossils are indicators of the age of the rock in which they are found.

The prepositional phrase is "about dinosaur extinction" and the object is "extinction."

The word "dinosaur" is called a "noun adjunct" rather than an adjective.