Particle Physics

The mass of an electron is very, very small compared to the mass of a proton and a neutron. The mass of the proton and the neutron are almost exactly the same. Thus, the mass of an entire atom is essential just the mass of the proton plus the mass of the neutron.

Protons are a type of subatomic particle, which are found in the nucleus of every atom. Protons have an electrical charge of +1. A proton is about 2000 times heavier than an electron.

The electrons in an atom swarm in a cloud around the small nucleus, which is made up of neutrons and protons.

Things that would stop electrons flowing in a circuit would be insulators, breaks in the circuit such as open switches, or items that have the same effect. Electrons also generally will not flow if the source of the electrical potential is inhibited or removed... i.e., they don't feel any electromotive force such as the Coulomb force (or Lorenz force, depending on the situation); although superconductors seem an interesting exception the flow can still be attributed to a previous source of electrical potential and lack of resistance. Free electrons in a vacuum may still "flow" for similar reasons, until acted upon by a force such as encountering matter.

When electrons are shared between atoms, a covalent compound forms. Covalent compounds result from the sharing of electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. Examples include water (H2O) and methane (CH4).

electrons

Maximum number of electrons = 2n2, where n is the number of shell (n = 1 for K, 2 for L, 3 for M, and so on)

K shell has 2 electrons maximum

L shell has 8 electrons maximum

M shell has 18 electrons maximum

N shell has 32 electrons maximum

O shell has 50 electrons maximum

P shell has 72 electrons maximum

YES

The number of electrons in an atom is equal to its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus. This is because atoms are electrically neutral, so they have an equal number of protons and electrons. You can find the atomic number of an element on the periodic table.

protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of all atoms. Phosphorus always has a total of 15 protons so if it is 32P then the number of neutrons must be 17because 32 is the total mass of the atom.

No, it can't. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a large (high energy) particle accelerator, and it is the most powerful one ever built on this rock. There is some talk about the LHC creating tiny black holes. The energy of the colliding particles will be really over the top, but a black hole is created when gravity overcomes all other forces to trap and compress a significant quantity of mass into a singularity. The energy of "creation" that appears when the LHC slams stuff together will be too high to allow the gravity associated with the events to actually create a black hole. And this takes into account the increase in mass associated with relativistic velocities.

This is similar to the "scare" associated with the test of the first hydrogen bomb (a nuclear fusion weapon). Someone ideated that the intense heat that would cause the fusion events to begin would result in the creation of so much energy that the atmosphere would begin the undergo fusion. This would cause the chain to go out of control and destroy the earth. This did not happen - because it could not. (The "geometry" of the blast is "wrong" for this to occur.) And the LHC creating those little black holes? Keep dreamin' about it. Some numbers on paper suggest things that reality won't support.

the electrons don't actually go anywhere, they move in a circular mode... the electrons bounce from one atom to another so that there is always balance... as soon as a valence electron moves to another atom another electron replaces the one just lost...

Each dot in an electron dot diagram represents a valence electron, which is an electron in the outermost energy level of an atom. These electrons are involved in chemical bonding and determine the reactivity and characteristics of the atom.

The Atomic Number of the element is equal to the number of electrons. Also, the number of protons is also equal to the Atomic number; so the number of protons and electrons in any given element is the same!

The smallest particle in physics is considered to be the quarks and leptons, which are elementary particles that make up matter. These particles are not believed to have any substructure and are considered fundamental building blocks of the universe.

mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons. 47 = 20 + neutrons, so neutrons equal 27.

Unanswered questions concerning the Big Bang:

1) What drove the initial expansion of space?

2) Why did inflation stop?

3) What existed before the start of expansion? And does the word "before" have any meaning if there is no time?

Murray Gell-Mann and Geroge Zweig, working independently, first propossed the quark theory in 1964. George Zwieg later won the Nobel Prize for advancement in physics with his discovery of the quark.

The electron transport system (ETS) is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It transfers electrons from electron donors (e.g., NADH and FADH2) to oxygen, generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. The overall formula for ETS is: NADH + H+ + 1/2 O2 → NAD+ + H2O + energy (ATP).

Cl2 is the diatomic molecule of chlorine (Cl) . It has 14 valence electrons, 7 in each atom. When chlorine forms a chloride ion, an atom accepts an electron and becomes Cl- (negative ion).

Carbon is a non metal element. There are 12 electrons in a single atom.

It depends on which subshell you're speaking of.. remember the the Lewis Structures?

Well the 1st subshell will have 2 electrons

2nd Subshell : 8 e-

3rd : 18 e-

4th : 32 e-

Above that I've never had to do any structures with more than 4 subshells and even those are VERY rare and I'm doing Uni chem.

Hope this helps a bit.

peace

6 protons

6 neutrons

6 electrons

4 valence electrons