Particle Physics

Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons and fluorine (F) has 7 valence electrons. In OF2, there are a total of 18 valence electrons (6 from oxygen and 2 x 7 from fluorine).

Protons are associated with a positive charge.

Examples of subatomic particles include electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons have a negative charge, protons have a positive charge, and neutrons have no charge. These particles are the building blocks of atoms.

A nucleus is part of an atom, so an atom cannot orbit a nucleus in the first place. If your question is what do the ELECTRONS orbit the nucleus in, it's empty space. As proven by Rutherford's experiment with firing 8000 Alpha particles at a gold sheet (I would give you the Wikipedia page but it is written with very scientific terminology), a atom is mostly empty space, as proven by the 7999 alpha particles he fired that went through, but has a TINY nucleus in the middle, as proven by the 1 that bounced back.

Metals donate electrons by losing electrons and forming positive ions.

Upthrust in fluid, also known as buoyant force, is caused by the pressure difference between the top and bottom of an object submerged in a fluid. This pressure difference creates a net force pushing the object upwards. It is a result of Archimedes' principle, which states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

A positron, a neutron, a single proton, and a single electron are all considered to be equal in mass, however, a positron is generally referred to as an "anti-electron", as it travels at the velocity of light (like an electron), an has a positive charge (+1e, as opposed to an electron, which carries a negative charge, i.e: -1e).

The main purpose of a particle accelerator is to generate synchrotron radiation or to smash atomic nuclei together or into a target to see what is produced from the energy of the impact. The results then inform which theoretical physical models are incorrect and occasionally which models have a valid experimental basis.

Strictly speaking, there is more than one kind of large, positively charged subatomic particle, but the one that matters the most is the proton.

Death.

Theoretically, anti-matter should look just like normal matter. However, we've never been able to make enough of it to see, which is probably just as well; anti-matter will combine with normal matter to produce phenomenal amounts of energy.

That is to say, a speck of antimatter combining with normal matter would create the most titanic explosion ever seen on Earth.

CERN, the Nuclear Research facility, is located in Meyrin a small town just on the edge of the Geneva, Switzerland city limits. Arrival by train or air, you can find the CERN headquarters within 15 minutes. There are many places to stay around the airport and train station after a tour of the site. CERN was recently mentioned in the Dan Brown novel, Angels and Demons. Check tourism sites for Geneva or the CERN site for information on directions and tours.

The meson was discovered in 1935 by Japanese physicist Hideki Yukawa. His discovery helped to explain the strong nuclear force and laid the foundation for the theory of nuclear interactions.

The specific charge of an electron is 1.759 x 10^11 C/kg, while the specific charge of a proton is 9.58 x 10^7 C/kg. Therefore, the ratio of specific charge of an electron to that of a proton is approximately 1.8 x 10^3.

This question is not that easy to answer. The problem is that one of the fundamental forces (gravity) has not yet been successfully merged into the theoretical framework used to describe the other forces.

The other three forces have the following similarities:

-They are all mediated by particles of force called gauge bosons.

-They can all be thought of arising from symmetries of the laws of nature.

-The gauge bosons of these forces all have spin-1.

The electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force are the low-energy result of one underlying force called the electroweak force.

Gravity, if successfully added would also be mediated by a gauge boson called the graviton, although it will have spin-2. It is also associated with a symmetry; that the laws of physics do not depend on the observer's frame. Mathematically it would be associated with local SO(3,1) (Lorentz group) invariance.

None, for it to be an atom it has the have the same number of electrons and protons.

Something with 1 electron and 2 protons would theoretically be a helium ion but helium does not form ions.

Any atom with 8 protons is an oxygen atom. Seven neutrons makes it a particular isotope of oxygen, and nine electrons means that it is an ion, with a charge of minus one. This is unusual because oxygen tends to form ions with a charge of minus two, not minus one, but it isn't impossible.

The father of the proton is Ernest Rutherford. He discovered the proton in 1917 through his gold foil experiment, which demonstrated that the atom contains a dense, positively charged nucleus at its center.

Rn or Radon is a noble gas, and has 8 Valence Electrons

In any orbital the maximum number of electrons is 2 of opposite spin.

The following is a list of the different types of orbitals and the maximum nuber of electrons each type can contain.

s-orbitals: one orbital, containing 2 electrons

p-orbitals: three (px, py, pz) containing 6 in total

d-orbitals: five, containing 10

f-orbitals: seven containing 14

The mass of a proton is approximately 1.67 x 10^-27 kilograms.

4 of these dimensions are the regular ones most of us are familiar with; 3 of these are spatial dimensions: up-down, left-right and forwards-backwards. The fourth one is a time dimension.

In a 4 dimensional space you thus require four numbers to uniquely specify a certain location in space and time. A quick example would be the location of a meeting somewhere on Earth; you'd need four bits of information: the latitude and longitude of the location, the height and finally the time of the meeting.

In M-theory physicists assume there are 7 additional spatial dimensions. Thus in M-theory you would need a grand total of 11 numbers to uniquely specify a location in spacetime.

These additional 7 dimension are not equal to the regular 3 spatial dimensions in one important aspect; they are curled into small loops. This makes them periodic (if you walk in their direction you will after a while end up where you started), and they are very tiny. You can imagine them as small loops of additional space at every location in our regular 4 dimensional spacetime.

These loops cannot be seen however because they are so very tiny. If M-theory is correct we might be travelling in these dimensions all the time, but we don't notice it because they are so small.

A good analogy Briane Greene used is that of an ant on a garden hose. For the ant the garden hose seems 2 dimensional (3 if you count time); the ant can move forward and backwards on the hose, but it can also move around along the hose in a circular fashion. But if you stand some distance away the hose appears to be a line, a 1-dimensional object. You do not see the second curled-up dimension because it is too small because you are too far away.

In this way the extra dimensions M-theory requires are also hidden, but they might be spotted in modern particle collider experiments such as the LHC, since these can be used to probe the small distance scales where these additional dimensions might become important.

Sulfur-33 has 16 electrons since it is a neutral atom and the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus for a neutral atom.

Yes, the shape of an orbital represents the probability of finding an electron in a specific region around the nucleus. Different types of orbitals (s, p, d, f) have distinct shapes that determine the spatial distribution of electrons in an atom. This affects various properties such as chemical reactivity and bonding behavior.

Since Te 2- has a negative charge, there are more electrons. Two more in fact. This means Te (with a atomic number of 52, equaling the number of electrons) with two more electrons would be a total of 54 electrons.

Te 2- has 54 electrons.

The symbol for tin when it loses 2 electrons is Sn2+ - this represents tin in its 2+ oxidation state where it has lost 2 electrons.