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Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
How do you calculate number of electrons required for the reaction?
For each element, the number of protons it has is equal to the number of electrons it has. However, if the atom has a different amount of electrons, then the charge will tell you that. If the charge is negative (-) then that says how many electrons the atom has gained, and if the charge is positive (+) then that says how many electrons the atom has lost.
Antimatter can be found naturally in small amounts in high-energy cosmic rays and in particle accelerators used for scientific research. It is extremely rare and difficult to produce in large quantities.
What is the number of valence electrons in Na?
Na has one valence electron i.e. 1 electron in valence(last) shell.
What quarks make up a neutron?
Quarks are building blocks for subatomic particles. They are considered to be fundamental particles, and are thus not made up of other particles. Quarks bind together with gluons to make composite particles called hadrons. The most common examples of a hadron are neutrons and protons. Quarks are assigned names called flavors: up, down, strange, charm, top and bottom. Each flavor can be positive or negative. Quarks have been observed as resultants in collisions in particle accelerators, which leads to another characteristic of these fundamental particles: they cannot exist by themselves.
Quarks do not exist in isolation, so nearly everything we know about them is deduced from the examination of other particles and particle reactions. Most of this work is done in high energy physics laboratores where particle accelerators are used in experiments. It is thought that at the very beginning of the universe (the Big Bang) it may be that the extremely hot conditions allowed for the existence of unbound quarks in a quark-gluon plasma.
There is a lot more to learn about these curious particles, and an investigator can use the link below to do further reading and to gather more facts. Knowing a thing or two about quarks is essential for anyone who wishes to grasp the fundamentals of the Standard Model. This platform (the Standard Model) is used by physicists to describe the way the strong and weak interactions and the electromagnetic force mediate the way subatomic particles interact.
How do you find the number protons from the atomic number?
Dear Wiki Questioner,
The atomic number of an element is defined to be the number of protons its nucleus! Since the most useful characteristics of an element are the result of the number of protons it has, the scientific community chose to order the elements primarily based off of how many protons they contain. So that means that when we are given an atomic number, we automatically are given the number of protons it contains!
What are the applications of particle physics?
YES! You would think that theoretical physics doesn't affect your life, but every aspect of electronics is quantum physics. Computers work by very advanced physics. Energy sources depend on an understanding of what happens in the subatomic realm. Understanding how the Sun generates energy (fusion) will power our world sooner than you think. It's all around us.
A particle accelerator can increase the kinetic energy of?
Particle accelerators are used to initiate collisions which have enough energy to overcome nuclear forces. They can be used to understand the workings of a star or to build entirely new [short lived] elements.
The answer is D. All of the above.
"nevtron" appears to be a misspelling. If you meant "neutron," it is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of atoms, along with protons. Neutrons have no electric charge and play a key role in nuclear reactions and stability.
What two forces are at work in a star?
The two main forces at work in a star are nuclear fusion, where hydrogen atoms combine to form helium and release energy, and gravity, which pulls inwards and tries to collapse the star. These forces are balanced in a stable star, maintaining its structure and energy output.
What reaction involves the transfer of electrons?
An oxidation-reduction reaction, also known as a redox reaction, involves the transfer of electrons between reactants. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction refers to the gain of electrons.
How many neutrons are in antimony 122?
You look up antimony. You discover its symbol is SB. You look on your periodic table. You come to the symbol SB. You see that it is number 51. You know that is also the number of protons in the atom. You know that 122 is the atomic weight. You know that the Atomic Weight mainly comes from the weight of the neutrons and protons. You know that when you have the atomic weight you can subtract the atomic number from the atomic weight and get the number of neutrons.
What is the electron group arrangement for NH3?
The nitride ion, N3ˉ, has an electron arrangement of 1s2, 2s2, 2p6
The elemental nitrogen, N, has an electron arrangement of 1s2, 2s2, 2p3. Since the nitride ion, N3-, has 3 extra electons, those 3 extra electrons fill the 2p orbital giving the electron arrangement above. This stabilizes the nitride ion because it is similar to a noble gas.
What is the electron capacity of any orbital?
it depends on which orbital:
1: 2
2: 8
3: 18
4: 32
5: 50
6: 72
7: 98
despite the large capacities, atoms will typically attempt to maintain 8 valence electrons.
How does positron emission cause nuclear transmutation?
It is in beta plus decay that we see the positron emitted from the nucleus. (An electron is emitted in beta minus decay.) Within the nucleus of an unstable atom, a proton transforms into a neutron, and a positron is ejected from the nucleus (along with a neutrino). As the nucleus now has one more proton than it did before, its atomic number just went up by one; it is another element.
What subatomic particles are found in the atomic nucleus?
Protons and neutrons are found in the atomic nucleus of any atom except the hydrogen atom where there is a single proton. Bothneutrons and protons in turn, are made up of quarks. Electrons orbit the nucleus.
What are the lenses in electron microscopes made from?
The lenses in electron microscopes are typically made from electromagnets, rather than glass lenses used in light microscopes. These electromagnets focus and direct the electron beam to generate high-resolution images by controlling the path of the electrons.
Where can you find antimatter?
Antimatter can be found in small quantities on Earth in particle accelerators and in outer space, such as in cosmic rays and near black holes. It is a rare substance that is difficult to produce and store due to its volatile nature.
What type of charge do electrons carry?
Electrons carry a negative electrical charge. A neutron does not have a charge, it is neutral.
How many proton neutron and electron does neon have?
Neon is element number 10 on the periodic table, therefore is has 10 protons and in a neutral atom (not an ion) it also has 10 electrons
A sulfide ion S2- has how many protons?
A sulfide ion (S2-) has 16 protons. This is because the sulfide ion carries a charge of -2, indicating that it has gained two extra electrons, and thus has 16 protons in its nucleus as the number of protons always determines the element.
Two up quarks and one down quark make up which of the following particles?
Yes, contrast to Proton which is made up of Two up and one down quark.
What is the real mass of an electron?
Basically, the rest mass of an electron is the amount of energy in the mass a single electron has when it is not in motion and is the only mass in a system. Make sense? No? Let's back up a bit and then come forward.
When anything is moving, it has more energy than it had when it was standing still. And when an electron is moving, the electron has more mass because of a consequence to Albert Einstein's E=mc2. We don't see this relatavistic mass increase until we see a velocity approaching the speed of light, but it appears at any non-zero velocity. It's just that it's really, really tiny until the electron is moving at maybe 90% or more of the speed of light.
So if we look at an electron that is just hanging in space by itself, we can make a statement about its mass, and that mass will be the same, will be invarient, from one inertial frame to another. It will be the same from place to place. It's mass will be the same, and that's were we get the term invarient mass or rest mass. Let's go on one more step.
If we consider the equation we mentioned, the one that says E=mc2 as stated above, that's the so-called mass-energy equivalence. It states that energy (E) is equal to the mass (m) times the square of the speed of light (c, and its square, c2). If we consider the rest mass, and then take that mass and see how much energy that it can be converted into, we'll have the rest mass energy. And now we're back where we started and have brought you up to speed with the background physics. (We left out those pesky manifold things and stuck to the basics.) Need more information? A link is provided below.
