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Particle Physics
Relatively recent experimental results have confirmed what philosophers throughout history had theorized all along; that all matter is made up of elementary particles. Those curious about this cutting-edge field of physics known as particle physics should post their questions here, including those about fundamental particles, fundamental forces, Grand Unified Theories, and the extraordinary devices that have been or need to be engineered to research them.
3,842 Questions
Do protons circle the nucleus of an atom?
Nuclei of atoms contain protons (+) and neutrons. The electrons (-) circle the nucleus on orbitals, forming the electron cloud. In a balanced or neutral atom, there will be the same number of protons in the nucleus as there are electrons outside of the nucleus. The number of neutrons can vary within the same element; that's how you get isotopes (e.g. Carbon-13 has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 7 neutrons...The 13 is the atomic mass representing the sum of the protons and neutrons)
How do electron and light microscopes focus?
The higher the energy of the electron or light the smaller the smaller the focus, What we call the electron has a lower energy that light because the the freqiency of pulsing is lower in the :lanck relation, E =nhf, where n is always equal to 1 divided by h by amthropic measure limitations---which means that n is the number of electrons being pulsed in parallel so that the discreteness of physical reality in terms of matching or balanced minimums of energy, mass and force---in unit terms where h is discretely deterministic in terms of ergs, grams, and dynes ----always in a way that we can only smooth or average in a statistical (problematic) or crude way so that we can obtain long term consistency of measure.
The higher the pulse frequency , f, the higher the measured energy level and the tighter the energy is bundled as a wave so that it will be reflected only by smaller surfaces that are able to "bounce' the energy back toward the source microscope instrument. The lower the frequency pulsing , the lower the energy level of the larger the harmonically reflective surface is that sends reflected energy back that allows the reflecting surface to be spatially maped or "seen" by the instrument.
Does number of protons determines the name of the element?
Sort of. That is, an element with 1 proton is always some isotope of hydrogen, and an element with 8 protons is always going to be an isotope of oxygen.
However, it's not possible to predict the element name just by knowing the number of protons; you also have to have (or have memorized) a periodic table.
Newly-discovered elements (and those that haven't been produced yet) are given "placeholder" names based strictly on the atomic number / number of protons. Once their discovery has been verified, they get "real" names. An example is the element with 109 protons, meitnerium, which until it received its official name was called unnilennium (109-ium in pseudo-Greek).
Why was it so difficult for scientist to find the 6 quark?
very interesting question, we don't know why. however there are several lines of evidence from studying other particles in the standard model that suggest that there cannot be more than 6 quarks.
How many electrons are needed to stabilize the oxygen atom?
Oxygen's atomic number is 8. That means an atom of oxygen always has 8 protons. To stabilize it then, it must also have 8 electrons.
How much protons neutrons and electrons does manganese have?
25 protons
25 electrons
normally 30 neutrons but it can vary between 21 and 40.
In the Star Wars galaxy, people can access the Force by way of Midi-chlorians, which are tiny life-forms. No one really knows how the Force works, but it is like ocean currents. It flows around every living thing and helps life exist. So, I suppose the answer to the question you're asking is that 'The Force flows like an ocean.' It surrounds the life-forms of the Star Warsgalaxy, and it gives living things incredible energy. Think of the Force as a huge sea, and it covers everything. Please note: the Force is not real, it is made up.
Who discovered the atoms and how?
False Einstein was looking at a glass of water on a table and noticed there was pollen on the surface and it was moving the table was not moving the glass was not moving so he came to the conclusion that the water itself was moving thus the discovery of the atom.
What is difference between a proton and a photon?
The photon is the quanta of electromagnetic radiation (e.g. radio, light, x-rays, gamma rays). Quanta are the smallest units of something allowed.
Do electrons have the mass as protons?
Protons are part of the nucleus, so they have less mass than the nucleus (except in the specific case of hydrogen, where the nucleus is a single proton so they have the same mass).
Electrons are much less massive than protons. It would take 1836 electrons to equal the mass of one proton.
Neutrons are very slightly more massive than protons, by just about the mass of an electron. They're close enough that they're generally treated as having essentially the same mass.
If an atom gains an electron it will become?
It depends on the way the electron is used. If the atom "uses" it by giving it away to some other atom or molecule, it becomes a positively charged cation. If it instead uses it by taking it into its own structure, it becomes a negatively charged anion.
Quantum theory is the mathematical representation of the universe assuming that everything is divided into well defined amounts (quanta, plural of quantum if we ignore the context) that behave both like particles and waves.
One of its basic concepts is that nothing is in one defined position but exists as a distribution of probabilities dispersed in space. The particle itself may react at any point, but it has different probabilities of "appearing" at different positions.
Another characteristic of Quantum Theory is that in it, whatever you cannot measure can be in an infinite different amount of states. The actual state you see when you you finally observe the system depends, not only on what you observe, but also on how you observe it.
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Quantum theory is the language of all particle theories. It is formulated in a well-defined mathematical language that makes predictions for the relative probabilities of the various possible outcomes, but not for which outcome will occur in any given case.
The word quantum means a definite but small amount.
The basic quantum constant h, known as Planck's constant,and its value is 6.626 x 10-34 Js
The quantum theory of physics was developed in order to explain the relationship between matter and energy at an atomic level as well as subatomic. The theory was created by the ideas of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Werner, and many others. It includes basic ideas of quantum physics. One of the most prominent ideas is that matter acts as waves AND as a particle (wave-particle duality). Another crucial idea to the theory is the uncertainty principle. This principle states that certain pairs of values about matter cannot be simultaneously known. For example, if the position of a particle is measured, its momentum value will become less accurate.
At its simplest - it states that the universe is grainy, that energy (like matter) comes in discrete packets rather than being continuous (as it seems to be).
What is the difference between mesons and leptons?
Mesons are part of the Hadron group along with Baryons, and are subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark. (Baryons being composed of three quarks.) Quarks and leptons are elementary particles, and that is the fundamental difference.
There quarks are held together to make up protons and neutrons.
They are held together by the strong force (one of the four fundamental forces.)
The strong force is created by the quarks exchanging force carrier particles called gluons.
Which subatomic particles cannot be found in the nucleus?
Electrons are found outside the nucleus in the electron cloud.
How many number of protons in helium?
H2O has 10 protons.
Hydrogen has 1 proton, so 2 hydrogen have 2 protons.
Oxygen has 8 protons.
Light waves are bent as they travel through glass increasing the ability to see items at a much more magnified level.
First, we have to light up the specimen. A mirror mounted under the microscope stand does the job. Light bounces off the mirror, passes through and around our specimen (mounted firmly to a microscope slide), and into the objective lenses. These lenses bend some of the spread out light beams from the specimen into straight line paths that travel through the microscope tube. Next, the light beams reach the eyepiece lenses. These lenses bend the light back into your eye, so you can see the specimen up close.
How many neutrons does silicon have?
NOT only 15 but 14 is more common (92%)
Explanation:
Si (atom number 14) has three naturally occurring isotopes with mass numbers:
28 (92%), 29 (5%), and 30 (3%).
They have respetively 14, 15 and 16 neutrons.
(This is because 'mass number' minus 'atom number' equals 'neutron number')
How many valence electrons there are for an atom?
Carbon has for valence electrons for forming covalent bonds.
How is the valence electrons of an atom related to a chemical bonding?
The valence electrons are the only electrons that are involved in chemical bonding. These electrons can be shared or transferred. A simple rule of thumb is that atoms "strive" to attain the octet either by loss gain or sharing of electrons.
