Planetary Science

The launch path of a satellite is called its trajectory. This trajectory is the path that the satellite follows from launch until it reaches its final orbital destination in space.

the heat from the sun burns off gases and atmosphere, leaving only what can withstand the high temps ------------------

The above answer is not strictly true. It's actually down to the formation of the solar system, called (I think) "the solar nebula hypothesis", the planets were all formed from a rotating mass of gas and dust, all at the same time. Closer to the sun, denser elements were formed and held in its gravity, and hence formed the more dense planets, whereas the more gaseous, lighter elements were held further out in the sun's gravitational field. Nowadays (if I can use such a narrow term) the large gas giants retain their gas because they have such a great mass that they have very strong gravitational pulls of their own so only the very very light elements escape. Planets like the earth cannot retain the very light gases such as helium in its atmosphere because its gravitational pull is simply not strong enough.

Jupiter.

The asteroid belt is not a planet now, regardless of whether or not it once was.

The second closest planet to Mars is Earth. After Earth, the next closest planet to Mars is Jupiter.

The average distance is 58 million miles. This is expressed in scientific notation as: 5.8e+7 miles.

One simple way to remember the order of the planets closest to the Sun is to use a mnemonic device like "My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nachos," with the first letter of each word representing each planet in order: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.

Jupiter holds the record for the most known moons in our solar system, with over 80 moons. These moons vary in size and composition, with the four largest known as the Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.

Uranus has a rotational axis that is tilted so much that it lies nearly in the plane of its orbit. This unique tilt of about 98 degrees gives Uranus its distinct seasonal variations and causes it to essentially roll on its side as it orbits the Sun.

No planet has a perfectly circular orbit, though Venus has the least orbital eccentricity of any planet in our solar system.

Most likely not. Too close to the sun, heating is too intense for hydrogen and easily vaporized substances to remain in place. These materials would then be swept outwaard by the intense solar wind of a young sun. As a result, there is fairly plentiful water and ice in the outer solar system to form gas giants, while terrestrial planets form from the leftover rock and metal in the inner solar system.

The Earth is thought to have formed about 4.5 billion years ago, sometime shortly after the formation of the Sun. The Earth and other planets are believed to have originated as a disc of matter travelling too quickly to be captured into the mass of the Sun. Perturbations in the disc resulted in clumps of heavier elements which became the planets and asteroids. Farther from the Sun, clumps also coalesced into icy dwarf planets, and into comets.

be shifted towards the red end of the spectrum due to the Doppler effect, known as redshift. This occurs because the wavelengths of light are stretched as the star moves away from the observer, causing the absorption lines to shift to longer wavelengths.

Someone decided that some stars were is such positions that they resembled parts of animals and such. They just happened to be there. And don't forget, they only look like that from Earth. If you went to some other viewpoint in space the relative positions would have changed - because some are nearer to us than others - and you would not recognise the constellations.

Because we can't yet actually go there.

A mathematical model or computer simulation is a poor substitute for the real thing, but for now, it will have to do. We send robot probes to Mars, to Titan, to orbit Jupiter and Saturn and Venus, and we create simulations of what things might be like there. It's better than nothing....

Yes, a shadow is typically longer at mid-day than just before sunset. This is because the sun is directly overhead at mid-day, creating longer shadows due to the angle of the sunlight. As the sun begins to set, the angle of the sunlight changes, resulting in shorter shadows.

Its not so much density that would give an object a higher gravitational pull, but overall mass.

Take the sun as an example, its overall mass is 99.85% of the total solar systems mass and with that has a huge gravitational pull, keeping all of the planets and other objects in orbit around it. At the surface, the pull is around 28g, 28 times that of earths surface gravity.

The average density of the sun is only around 1.4 g/cm3 though, compared with Earths average density of around 5.5 g/cm3, since the sun is mainly made from hydrogen and helium, while the earth contains a high percentage of iron, nickel and other dense elements.

The sun clearly has a higher gravitational pull though, its not really the density, but the shear amount of mass that determines the gravitational pull (earths mass is only about 0.0003% of the total solar systems mass.)

Pluto is not lost, its orbit is well understood and there are people who know exactly where it is on any given day.

However Pluto has an orbit that is unusually eccentric, and is inclined by 17 degrees to the ecliptic. That means it is found well off the beaten track where the eight major planets can always be found, near the ecliptic.

The time it takes to retrieve an instruction and complete the respective command is known as instruction latency. This includes factors like the fetching of the instruction, decoding it, executing it, and storing the result. The overall latency can impact the performance of a computer system.

Unfortunately, the definition of a planet does not include it's composition.

So Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are classed as terrestrial planets - made up of rock, whereas Jupiter and Saturn's are classed as Gas Giants - not surprisingly, as they are comprised of mainly gases - hydrogen and helium, whereas Uranus and Neptune are classed as ice giants - yep, you've guessed it.

..and that is the planets in our Solar System, outside, most exoplanets are gas giants.

So all planets are not terrestrial.

I don't think so. It is most probably the only planet to support life forms very similar to ours, but that does not imply that some other planet(s) don't have life forms of some other nature than ours.

Venus is closest to the Earths size and mass - often referred to as Earths sister or twin planet. Venus' Mass is around 82% of Earths, while its diameter is a little smaller than Earths at around 95% of Earths.

A small solid body that enters a planet's atmosphere from outer space is called a meteoroid. When it enters the Earth's atmosphere and burns up due to friction with the air, it produces a bright streak of light known as a meteor or "shooting star." If any fragments of the meteoroid reach the Earth's surface, they are called meteorites.

The period of revolution or orbital revolution. For Earth, this is one year.