Polar Exploration

Christopher Columbus found the Americas and the native americans got a new name:)

There is now, at least for a brief summer period each August, when there is an open sea path through northern Canada. The Arctic Ocean remains blocked with pack ice for most of the year.

In the early days of North American exploration and settlement, the lure of a water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific was sought by several explorers. Many lost their lives when their ships were trapped in the shifting polar ice.

Until the late 2000s, only large ice-breaking ships could complete the Passage, along with adventurers who crossed using unfrozen lakes and streams.

Lewis and Clark were trying to find out what the Louisiana Purchase consisted of.

European explorers believed that the Northwest Passage would take them to Asia and the Spice Islands for the purpose of setting up lucrative trade routes. They thought that this water route would be a more direct and faster route.

The Northwest Passage was so important because explorers wanted to find a shortcut to the Pacific northwest. So then Roald Amundsen was the first one to find that shortcut and get to the Pasific Northwest much faster than usual.

I hope that answered your question! have a good day! :)

In 1910, Robert Falcon Scott of England and Roald Amundsen of Norway each hoped to gain the honor of being the first person to reach the South Pole, sailing their respective countries for that purpose.

Although the two had never met, they were both aware of each other and the common goal to arrive first at the South Pole. Amundsen, who had four assistants and fifty-two Eskimo dogs, began his journey on October 19, 1911. Scott, with fifteen men, motorized sleds, ponies, and dogs, didn't begin until nearly two weeks later on November 1, 1911. This eventually cost him the race.

Amundsen arrived at the South Pole on December 14, 1911 with only 11 dogs but all his men in good health. He left the Norwegian flag and a note for Scott. Scott's group reached the pole on January 17, 1912.

I don't know if you mean the US or CAN, but he came to Canada in 1616, and I'm not sure if William Baffin sailed to USA before.

I you want to figure out what year William Baffin came to America you shouldn't go on wiki or answer.com look on websites that provide you with the information you need.anyone can post on wiki and you don't know if what they say is true.

The Northwest Passage is a sea route through the Arctic Ocean and the northern islands of Canada. The passage is seldom open water because of the floating pack ice that fills the arctic waters. But large icebreaker ships can use the passage for at least part of the summer months.

The search for a Northwest Passage claimed the lives of several early explorers including Henry Hudson, for whom Hudson Bay is named.

He was 43 when he died on his return from the pole.

Scott, Shackleton and Mawson used the old Naval tradition of manhauling their sledges, while Amundsen used dogs.

He set sail to Find A route from Europe to Asia when you sail Northwest. This route was called the Northwest Passage

Sir Earnest Henry Shackleton reached the 'farthest south' marker of 88°23'S, or 97 geographical miles from the South Pole on his second expedition to Antarctica in 1907.

Some say it was this marker that motivated Sir Robert Falcon Scott to better Shackleton's achievement, when Scott returned in 1910 for his own 'conquest of the pole'.

Shackleton led two successful expeditions, but the most famous one he led was his third, when his ship, the Endurance, got trapped in a rapidly expanding ice floe. They hoped that the ice flow would break up and they could continue the expedition, but instead the needed to abandon ship because it began to leak. They then hoped that the ice floe would drift to Paulette Island.

It didn't, but then the ice floe broke in two and they abandoned it, using their lifeboats. Three days later they made it to an uninhabited island, Elephant Island.

Shackleton decided to outfit their best lifeboat for a trip to South Georgia, an island with a whaling station. He made the trip with five other men, and arrived their after fifteen days, but couldn't make it to land because of a storm so powerful that it sunk a 500 ton steamship. The next day, they made it to the shore opposite of the whaling stations. Shackleton and two of his men crossed the mountains to get help.

They got to the whaling station 36 hours later, and got help for the three men on the other side of the island right away. There were three failed attempts to rescue the men on Elephant Island, but they finally succeeded on August 20, 1916, after an ordeal of nearly 20 months.

You can check out the related link for more details.

joilet and marquette

Douglas Mawson died on the 14th of October 1958

Ernest Shackleton had 3 children and their names were Raymond, Cecily and Edward.

Captain James Cook was the first to cross the Antarctic Circle on the 17th of January, 1773, and reached a latitude of 67 degrees 15 minutes S. It is not clear whether or not he actually set eyes on Antarctica since the ice pack prevented any further southward progress. In January, 1820, as a result of an earlier expedition where he was blown off course, the British Royal Navy sent William Smith as pilot with Edward Bransfield to search the waters south of the newly claimed South Shetland Islands. It is subsequently claimed that they are the first to see the Antarctic Peninsula. On the 27th of January, 1820, Russian, Fabian Gottlieb von Bellinghausen, becomes the first person to see the Antarctic continent. In January,1821, Bellingshausen returns to the Antarctic and completes a circumnavigation of Antarctica being only the second explorer, after Cook, to do so. In February, American sealer John Davis arguably becomes the first person to land on the Antarctic continent. A Norwegian scientist immigrant to Australia, Carsten Egeberg Borchgrevink (1864-1934), became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic when he stepped on to Cape Adare on the 24th of January, 1895. From 1894-95 he devoted his time to exploration of Antarctica. He attempted to reach the South Pole in 1897. During this expedition, he was the first to discover lichen in the Antarctic, and reached a latitude of 78 degrees 5 minutes S.

Admiral Byrd named his bases Little America.

That would depend on your definition of "reach". 1773: Captain James Cook became the first person to cross the Antarctic Circle. 1820: The Antarctic continent was first seen by human eyes. Historians have disagreed on who those eyes belonged to; at least one possible claimant is believed to have seen land but mistaken it for ice at the time. Credit for being the first man to see the continent has been divided between three men who made separate voyages to Antarctica that year: Fabian von Bellingshausen, a captain in the Russian Imperial Navy; Edward Bransfield, a captain in the British navy; Nathaniel Brown Palmer, an American sealer. 1840: Frenchman Jules-Sébastien-César Dumont d'Urville became the first person to set foot on Antarctica. (Some historians believe that John Davis, an American sealer, may have set foot on the Antarctic Peninsula in 1821, but even he was unsure if he landed on the continent itself or a nearby island.)

Robert Falcon Scott and his team had very little technology available to them. Basically all they used was a sextant and a compass. He died at the age of 43 on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica in 1912.

Sir ernest shackleton survived when his boat sank by jumping off the boat and collecting everthing they needed off the boat and sir ernest told his crew to get off the boat before it sank.