0
Psychological Disciplines
Different schools of thought in regards to psychological analysis such as those espoused by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung
1,126 Questions
How do you define psychology and what are its goals?
Psychology is the science of mental life. It involves the scientific study of human or animal mental functions and behaviors. The goal is too describe, explain, predict, and control behaviour and mental processes:
Describe: tell what occurred
Explain: tells the why
Predict: under what conditions is the behaviour/event likely to occur
Control: how is the principle applied or what change in condition is necessary to
Prevent unwanted occurrence or to bring about a desired outcome
Observe: so that they know what problem their dealing with.
Psychology has two interrelated goals
Psychology has two interrelated goals, either of which may be more prominent depending on the training and interests of a given psychologist. On one hand, psychology (generally called clinical psychology in this form) tries relieve or resolve emotional, cognitive, or neuro-physiological problems that affect or impair mental and social aspects of human behavior. Clinical psychologists generally have the goal of helping people adjust or reconstruct their emotional states or their understanding of the world they live in, sometimes with the aid of medicines such as anti-depressants or anti-psychotics, so that the patient can live a more natural or satisfying life. On the other hand, psychology (usually called research or academic psychology in this case) aims to investigate and understand the workings of the human mind. Academic psychologists are often more interested in the inner workings of normal, healthy individuals than in particular dysfunctions.
Counseling psychology genreal degree?
Typically, a psychology degree in counseling is at the masters, and doctorate levels. It also depends on what type of counseling one wishes to pursue. Below is some information on a career in counseling according to the U.S. Department of Labor.
Education and training requirements for counselors are often very detailed and vary by State and specialty. Prospective counselors should check with State and local governments, employers, and national voluntary certification organizations to determine which requirements apply. Education and training. Education requirements vary based on occupational specialty and State licensure and certification requirements. A master's degree is usually required to be licensed as a counselor. Some States require counselors in public employment to have a master's degree; others accept a bachelor's degree with appropriate counseling courses. Counselor education programs in colleges and universities are often found in departments of education or psychology. Fields of study include college student affairs, elementary or secondary school counseling, education, gerontological counseling, marriage and family therapy, substance abuse counseling, rehabilitation counseling, agency or community counseling, clinical mental health counseling, career counseling, and related fields. Courses are often grouped into eight core areas: human growth and development, social and cultural diversity, relationships, group work, career development, assessment, research and program evaluation, and professional identity. In an accredited master's degree program, 48 to 60 semester hours of graduate study, including a period of supervised clinical experience in counseling, are required. Some employers provide training for newly hired counselors. Others may offer time off or tuition assistance to complete a graduate degree. Often counselors must participate in graduate studies, workshops, and personal studies to maintain their certificates and licenses. Licensure. Licensure requirements differ greatly by State, occupational specialty, and work setting. Many States require school counselors to hold a State school counseling certification and to have completed at least some graduate course work; most require the completion of a master's degree. Some States require school counselors to be licensed, which generally requires continuing education credits. Some States require public school counselors to have both counseling and teaching certificates and to have had some teaching experience. For counselors based outside of schools, 49 States and the District of Columbia have some form of counselor licensure that governs the practice of counseling. Requirements typically include the completion of a master's degree in counseling, the accumulation of 2 years or 3,000 hours of supervised clinical experience beyond the master's degree level, the passage of a State-recognized exam, adherence to ethical codes and standards, and the completion of annual continuing education requirements. However, counselors working in certain settings or in a particular specialty may face different licensure requirements. For example, a career counselor working in private practice may need a license, but a counselor working for a college career center may not. In addition, substance abuse and behavior disorder counselors are generally governed by a different State agency or board than other counselors. The criteria for their licensure vary greatly and in some cases, these counselors may only need a high school diploma and certification. Those interested in entering the field must research State and specialty requirements to determine what qualifications they must have. Other qualifications. People interested in counseling should have a strong desire to help others and should be able to inspire respect, trust, and confidence. They should be able to work independently or as part of a team. Counselors must follow the code of ethics associated with their respective certifications and licenses. Counselors must possess high physical and emotional energy to handle the array of problems that they address. Dealing daily with these problems can cause stress. Certification and advancement. Some counselors elect to be certified by the National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc., which grants a general practice credential of National Certified Counselor. To be certified, a counselor must hold a master's degree with a concentration in counseling from a regionally accredited college or university; have at least 2 years of supervised field experience in a counseling setting (graduates from counselor education programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs are exempted); provide two professional endorsements, one of which must be from a recent supervisor; and must have a passing score on the board's examination. This national certification is voluntary and is distinct from State licensing. However, in some States, those who pass the national exam are exempted from taking a State certification exam. The board also offers specialty certifications in school, clinical mental health, and addiction counseling. These specialty certifications require passage of a supplemental exam. To maintain their certifications, counselors retake and pass the exam or complete 100 credit hours of acceptable continuing education every 5 years. The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification offers voluntary national certification for rehabilitation counselors. Many State and local governments and other employers require rehabilitation counselors to have this certification. To become certified, rehabilitation counselors usually must graduate from an accredited educational program, complete an internship, and pass a written examination. Certification requirements vary, however, according to an applicant's educational history. Employment experience, for example, is required for those with a counseling degree in a specialty other than rehabilitation. To maintain their certification, counselors must successfully retake the certification exam or complete 100 credit hours of acceptable continuing education every 5 years. Other counseling organizations also offer certification in particular counseling specialties. Usually, becoming certified is voluntary, but having certification may enhance job prospects. Prospects for advancement vary by counseling field. School counselors can become directors or supervisors of counseling, guidance, or pupil personnel services; or, usually with further graduate education, become counselor educators, counseling psychologists, or school administrators. (psychologists and education administrators are covered elsewhere in the Handbook.) Some counselors choose to work for a State's department of education. Some marriage and family therapists, especially those with doctorates in family therapy, become supervisors, teachers, researchers, or advanced clinicians in the discipline. Counselors may also become supervisors or administrators in their agencies. Some counselors move into research, consulting, or college teaching or go into private or group practice. Some may choose to pursue a doctoral degree to improve their chances for advancement. For the source and more detailed information concerning this subject, click on the related links section (U.S. Department of Labor) indicated below this answer box.
How much does an FBI agent in the Behavioral Analysis Unit make a year?
The salary for an FBI agent in the Behavioral Analysis Unit typically ranges from around $80,000 to $119,000 per year, depending on experience and level of seniority. Advanced degrees and specialized training may also affect salary.
What are the principles of physiological psychology?
The primary focus of physiological psychology is the development of theories that describe brain-behavior relationships. Typically, this means studying the nervous system, emotional responses, and sleep patterns.
As a formal medical discipline, psychology is somewhat over one hunderd years old. However, people have been interested in the workings of the human mind ever since civilizations came into being, which is about 5000 yeas ago. The Ancient Greeks certainly explored the meaning of the mind.
What are V codes in psychology?
V codes in psychology are codes that are assigned to an individual when that individual is in need of mental health treatment for a clinically significant problem but does not have a diagnosable mental disorder. These codes are listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-IV-TR, 2000) as "Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention."
What was forerunners of psychology?
Some forerunners of psychology include philosophers like Aristotle, who explored the mind-body connection, and Rene Descartes, who emphasized the importance of introspection. Other influences include Wilhelm Wundt, who established the first psychology laboratory, and Sigmund Freud, who developed psychoanalysis.
What is Forensic Psychology about?
Forensic psychology is a branch of the science that focuses on criminal behavior and the treatment of those convicted of a crime. It includes patients found incompetent to stand trial (IST), those found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI), those serving sentences in jail or prison, all the way up to those on death row. Forensic psychologists may be engaged in researching criminal behavior or psychopathy (a famous example is Dr. Robert Hare and psychiatrist, Dr. Park Deitz). They may develop measures to study criminal behavior, or they may be engaged in evaluating inmates for parole (which is what I do for a living) - or they may be engaged in the direct treatment of inmates with mental illnesses.
They are called alleles. Each allele is a different form of the gene, and they can be dominant or recessive.
What signature to use if you have a BA in psychology?
Generally, there is no need to sign your name 'John Doe, BA', and it would seem a little arrogant to do so. Even in professional settings, it is not appropriate to do it unless there are requirements to indicate your level of credentials when signing off on progress notes you have written documenting your provision of service to clients, for example. In the case of progress notes, you would certainly have to be under the supervision of someone with a higher degree, and the credentials of everyone signing should be included on the notes. In short, I would just sign my name as I always did unless I am in a professional setting where I am told to use a credential. As an example, I think even a PhD would be a little pompous to sign a guest book in a funeral home with the PhD after the name. It's not as if the person is there to offer a brief college course to the bereaved attending the wake.
What can a hypnotist do to me?
A hypnotist can not "do" anything "to" you - you can not become hypnotized unless you want to be. A hypnotist is simply someone who guides another person into an hypnotic state, usually by asking him/ her to focus on a fixed point, or an idea or feeling, whilst encouraging relaxation.
Hypnosis is a naturally occurring state which most people enter spontaneously on a regular basis (eg daydreaming), and all a hypnotist does is deliberately activate this state: it's a form of interpersonal communication, coaching even, and whilst someone "in hypnosis" will be more responsive to suggestion, they can not be made to do or say anything against their will.
Hypnosis is not "mind control"; most hypnotized people remain fully aware (they're simply in a very relaxed, but highly focused, state of mind - indeed, they're "hyperattentive"!), and can come out of hypnosis whenever they wish. People hypnotized for stage shows are usually stable extrovert types who don't mind performing - "being hypnotized" is simply an "excuse" for them to play around, do silly things; to "show off". Many, probably most in fact, are people who in other contexts (eg with a group of close friends) will play around, "let go"/ "go wild", be the "life and soul of the party" etc.. The hypnotist is, in effect, "giving them permission" to do what they do anyway, but in a public domain. It's social role play, that's all.
You can not "get stuck in hypnosis" - if left unattended, a hypnotized person will either just "come to" of his/ her own accord (probably after no more than a few minutes), or fall asleep to awaken naturally a few hours later.
Hypnosis is not "brainwashing" - quite the opposite, in fact. Brainwashing is abusive/ coercive mind control; hypnosis is a sophisticated form of consensual interpersonal communication utilizing naturally occurring and completely normal brain states.
Explain how evolutionary psychology is applied to psychology?
Darwin's theory of evolution is based on the survival of the fitest. The strongest breed with the strongest thus having strong offspring, in theory. Evolutionary psychology is based around a similar theory - survival and self-presservation. It is suggested that everything we do has both survival (of yourself/family/friends) and self-preservation at its core.
This is used to explain certain phobias and complusions - a phobia of snakes is a mode of protection or O.C.D. is a means of survival as a constant state of cleanliness will keep you safe from germs hence extending your life... Survival of the Fitest :)
What is primary objectives of psychology?
The primary objective of psychology is to understand and explain human behavior and mental processes. It aims to study various aspects of the mind, such as thoughts, emotions, motivations, and behavior, in order to improve our understanding of individuals and groups. Ultimately, the goal is to promote well-being and enhance the quality of life.
An hypnotic trance is a "monoideistic" dissociated state of mind: attention is fixed on a single stimuli (eg a particular point - maybe a dot or spiral, or candle flame, or pendulum, or perhaps a sound or voice); there's usually bodily immobility/ relaxation, and general awareness is very reduced. Someone in an hypnotic trance remains aware, but awareness is extremely focused (usually on the hypnotist's voice), and it's not unusual for someone who has been hypnotized to have only vague recollections of the specific details of what happened when they were in trance. This, however, varies considerably, and many people remember every detail of their trance experiences.
This state may (and frequently does) occur spontaneously (eg when absorbed in reading a book or watching a movie, or performing a tedious and repetitive task, or when "daydreaming"), but in the generally understood sense comes about when one person deliberately induces it in another. It is perfectly "normal"; totally natural, and quite safe - although caution should be exercised in trying to hypnotize victims of severe trauma. Someone in hypnosis is not "under" another person's "control", and although hypnotized people are generally more responsive to suggestions, they can not be made to do/ say anything they don't want to.
No-one can become "stuck" in hypnosis (although some people with severe mental illnesses, certain personality disorders, and severe trauma victims, may enter long-term dissociative states bearing, to the uninformed, some similarities to hypnotic trances: such are signs/ symptoms of their severe psychological problems/ illnesses, not hypnotic trances!), and a hypnotized person left unattended will either emerge spontaneously from trance after a short time (usually 15 minutes at most), or simply fall into a natural sleep to awaken a few hours later. Similarly, a hypnotized person told to act in any way that is fundamentally offensive to him/ her will either remain unresponsive, or - more probably - exit the hypnotic state instantly, and probably react angrily.
There are numerous theories (some more credible than others!) about the precise nature of the hypnotic trance. Some assert that trance induction has the effect of switching the brain into a state where Right Hemisphere Functions (ie those to do with imagination, emotion, intuition) predominate over the more logical/ analytical Left Hemisphere Functions enabling people to respond less critically/ analytically and more imaginatively and spontaneously than would normally be the case. Another theory is that hypnotism is the deliberate activation of the REM State (when limb paralysis, dreaming, and information processing occur during sleep) in a conscious person enabling him/ her to enter a dream like state of intuitive playfulness. A third view is that the hypnotic trance is an elaborate form of role play largely brought about by the expectations and beliefs of the person being hypnotized. This is not to deny its reality - anything but... rather it's an assertion that someone in an hypnotic trance has become completely absorbed in his/ her own mind/ mental processes to the exclusion of all else.
Probably, in truth, it's a bit of a mixture of all of these. Certainly, deeply hypnotized people typically show signs of much outlined above - eg critical/ analytical faculties tend to be reduced considerably; willingness to engage in fantasy/ general suggestibility are amplified; Rapid Eye Movement (and eye inversion) are common, as is an unusual degree of physical immobility (and partial and total paralysis of limbs, eyelids etc are often readily induced), and there is a greater willingness than usual to consider/ engage with "imagined realities", play etc..
Some people enter hypnotic trances far more readily than others - most notably those who already have strong fantasizing tendencies (eg creative "artistic" types; those who had imaginary friends in childhood; those who read a lot of fantasy, Sci-Fi type books, and/ or who greatly enjoy film and drama; actors/ perfomance artists etc.), and those who are "natural dissociators" (eg regular "daydreamers"; victims of severe trauma etc) - but most normal people can be hypnotized to some degree if they are willing and cooperative.
Anyone willing and able to concentrate and follow instructions can be hypnotized if they want to be, but it helps considerably if they are also interested in the mind, and willing to "let go" and explore/ experiment - an open mind is a great asset here! Contrary to what many believe, the most responsive people tend to be psychologically stable, broad minded, extroverts of higher than average intelligence. Personally insecure, neurotic, highly controlling types do not generally find it easy to enter hypnotic trances.
It means the origin of psychology, it dates back to early Greeks evolved from philosophy and biology but became a science in its own right in 1879 when Wilhelm wundt established the first psychology lab in leipzig, Germany.
Do you have to have a BS in psychology to get a Masters in psychology?
No, having a Bachelor's degree in psychology is not always required to pursue a Master's in psychology. Some programs may accept students with a Bachelor's degree in a related field or with relevant experience. However, having a background in psychology can potentially help in meeting prerequisite courses and understanding the coursework.
What is universality in psychology?
Universality in psychology refers to the idea that certain behaviors, emotions, or cognitive processes are common to all humans, regardless of cultural background or individual differences. It suggests that there are fundamental aspects of human experience that are shared across societies and can be studied and understood through psychological research.
Psychology of being an imposter?
Imposter syndrome is a psychological phenomenon where individuals doubt their accomplishments and have a persistent fear of being exposed as a fraud. It can stem from perfectionism, self-doubt, or a fear of failure. People experiencing imposter syndrome may feel like they don't deserve their success, even when evidence suggests otherwise.
An intensive investigation of one or more participants?
An intensive investigation of one or more participants involves a thorough examination of their behavior, thoughts, emotions, and interactions within a specific context or setting. This process typically utilizes various research methods such as observations, interviews, surveys, and experiments to gather in-depth data and insights about the participants. It aims to uncover patterns, understand motivations, and gain a comprehensive understanding of the individual or group under study.
Is social psychology scientific in nature?
The term science refers to a general set of methods-techniques used to gather systematic information about the world phenomena.the social psychologists do use the precise methodical and systematic means of investigation to understand phenomena.they do not rely on abstract, untested theories.instead they rely on testing, retesting and testing again all the assertions and hypothesis before accepting them as accurate.so the basic demand of science as observation, experimentation, test and retest in formulating hypothesis and theories is fulfilled in social psychology though its topic of study are different from the physical or biological sciences.
Self-concept may be defined as the totality of a complex, organized, and dynamic system of learned beliefs, attitudes and opinions that each person holds to be true about his or her personal existence. There are 6 major subtypes, namely physical i.e. an individual's view of their body, health, physical appearance and strength, social i.e. an individual's sense of worth in social interactions, temperamental i.e. an individual's view of their prevailing emotional state or predominance of a particular kind of emotional reaction, educational i.e. an individual's view of themselves in relation to school, teachers and extracurricular activities, moral i.e. an individual's estimation of their moral worth; right or wrong activities and intellectual i.e. an individual's awareness of their intelligence and capacity of of problem solving and judgements.
What are the dimensions of the human person?
The dimensions of the human person typically encompass physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects. This holistic perspective recognizes that individuals are multidimensional beings with interconnected layers that influence behavior, beliefs, and experiences. Understanding and addressing these dimensions can lead to a more balanced and fulfilled life.
What is the role of multicultural psychology in society?
I believe that it is an overview of cultural and minority status issues in psychology, and the role of multicultural issues in mainstream research with in psychology. It focuses on multiple cultural groups that co-exist in the United States and the sociopolitical aspects. J.Rosario
How do you get an MD is psychology?
There is no such thing as MD in psychology. One may attend medical school and then complete a residency in psychiatry. An alternative to that would be to attend graduate school of psychology to earn a Ph.D or PsyD.
What role does psychology play in investing?
In investing psychology plays a very important role. You will commonly hear financial advisors talk about your risk tolerance. There are even tests that are designed to evaluate a particular investors risk tolerance. This is important to determine because An investment can result in very negative outcomes if it is not appropriate for that particular investors tolerance to risk. Psychology in investing is also important when looking a markets or segments within a market. It can result in stock market bubbles and crashes. As investors move in masses into particular sectors or stocks and do this with a mob mentality rather than fundamentals. Often times the time to sell is when everyone else is buying and the time to buy is when everyone is selling off their positions. (Not always but often) It is important to invest according to a plan that takes into account your goals, risk tolerences and current position in life. This way psychology takes on less of a role in your financial well being. See Related Links for a chart showing some insight into the mind of a common investor.
